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ENERGY CONSERVATION
Student’s Name
Instructor
Subject
Date of Submission
Energy Conservation
Introduction
Energy is an important resource used by humanity in the day to day operations. It is proven beyond no doubt that all living thing in the world need energy while some of them produce it. Also, the sun is the overall source of energy that control fundamental processes like the hydrological cycle and photosynthesis. Over time, there has been a worrying trend in the utilization of energy resources with claims attached to the increasing population leading to increased demand of energy. As a result, the main category of energy resource under threat is the nonrenewable. And, the most explored energy resources happen to be the likes of petroleum, coal, methane gas, and wood related sources for the underdeveloped world. While this is the trends, it is also evident that both domestic and industrial utilization of available energy resource has not been efficient. Therefore, there is an urgent need to conserve the remaining available ones. In order to achieve this, substitution, improvement, and exploitation of greener and renewable source is recommended.
Types of Energy Sources (Renewable and Nonrenewable) Variant and numerous energy options have been categorized in two groups. The two major categories are the renewable and nonrenewable. Under renewable there are sources like solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal, biogas, and biomass. These sources have the ability to produce more than the needed energy by the whole world. For example, the solar energy is capable of supplying energy 10100 more than fossil fuel. And, most of this renewable energy are cleaner thereby could save the world of adverse effects such as global warming (Haimes 25). Nonetheless, efforts to tap energy content of these sources have not been sufficient.
For the nonrenewable category, there are sources such as nuclear, fossil fuel, petroleum, and natural gas. They are the mostly preferred, but their sustainability is threatened. For example, it is feared that in the next hundred years to come, the oil reserve in the world will run dry. Other than that, the combustion of these sources for energy is associated with pollutants such as sulphur gases, chlorofluorocarbons, nitrogen gases, and both carbon dioxide and monoxide gases (Kreith and Yogi 45). Because they are not sustainable and the most utilizes worldwide, an issue of concern on conserving this category has raised eyebrows. For this reason, there is a need to devise means of tapping the renewable source while at the same time enhancing efficiency in their consumption (Haimes 36).
Energy Conservation Methods for Industries and Homes Conservation of any source of energy is a personal or organization initiative, but first, it is paramount to ascertain the amount of energy used for a particular period. In order to achieve this, energy Audit should be conducted. It is also worth noting that the methods of conserving industrial and domestic energy sources may differ slightly.
Under domestic energy conservation methods, there are two ways of doing it, which are enhancing the efficiency and reducing wastages (Tremblay 1). In order to achieve this, unnecessary and unused appliances should be switched off. Also, there is a need to substitute ordinary bulb with energy saver because these energy savers cost a few dollars, but they are capable of saving up to $50 during their life span. It is also recommended that during the day, windows and any opening in a room should be left open during the day for the utilization of natural light to illuminate the room other than electricity. For water heating, solar water heater is recommended. And, to conserve energy used for cooking, it is advisable to chop the food into small pieces and cover cooking pots while doing so (Mclachlan and Quispel 1107-1112).
Most industries prefer using energy sources that are sustainable and it is for this reason that production industries in most parts of the world fancy coal. However, regardless of the source, energy consumption in an industry is largely by machines. Therefore, to conserve it, all the moveable parts of a machine that are moved by energy should be well lubricated. The engine system of the machine should be serviced regularly. Again, the steam produced from the cooling system of the machine should be used to produce supplementary electricity (Combescure, Gravouil, and Réthoré 109-112). Most importantly, production should be done in massive quantities at ago to avoid turning on a machine in low peak production seasons.
Importance of Conserving Energy Rewards associated to energy conservation are numerous and incredible. To start with, the current state of global warming has been scientifically proven to be contributed by the use of most nonrenewable sources. Because of this, human race is threatened. Therefore, it means that efficient utilization of these sources will reduce their contribution on the issue. Another concern is on the cost of energy. Statistics by Haimes shows that the energy alone contributes about 45% of industrial production cost (67). Further, he reported that the application of the available conservation methods can reduce production cost up to 25%. In essence, energy conservation methods save the environment.Conclusion Undoubtedly, energy is the mover of lives on the universe. Therefore, in case of its short supply, the world will be at a comma and lives my cease to exist. For this reason, the call to consider energy conservation is a life saver and need to be answered promptly. Notably, consideration to diverge attention to renewable energy sources is also an option worth picking.
Works Cited
Combescure, A., A. Gravouil, D. Grégoire, and J. Réthoré. “X-FEM a good candidate for energy conservation in simulation of brittle dynamic crack propagation.” Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 197.5 (2008): 309-318. Print.
Haimes, Yacov Y.. Energy Auditing and Conservation: Methods, Measurements, Management, and Case Studies. Washington: Hemisphere Pub. Corp., 1980. Print.
Kreith, Frank, and D. Yogi Goswami. Energy Management and Conservation Handbook. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2008. Print.
Mclachlan, Robert I., and G. R. W. Quispel. “Discrete gradient methods have an energy conservation law.” Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems 34.3 (2014): 1099-1104. Print.
Tremblay, K.R. “Energy conservation in the home.” Energy Conservation in the Home. Version 10.610. Colorado State University, 21 Mar. 2014. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. <http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/consumer/10610.html>.
Annotated Bibliography on Women’s Right
Student’s Name
Instructor’s Name
Course Tittle
Date
Annotated Bibliography on Women’s Right
Bradley, Samantha. “Domestic and family violence in post-conflict communities: International human rights law and the state’s obligation to protect women and children.” Health and human rights 20.2 (2018): 123.
This article comes from Health and Human Rights journal. It is a credible and legitimate source since it provides information that leads a reader to believe that the authors are experts on the information. It is such an article that I one can rely on heavily to make peripheral points. From the article, post-conflict societies constantly go through high family and domestic violence rates against women. A culmination of violence in the community domain is commonly perceived to precipitate the increase of violence in the private sphere. This piece of writing provides the argument that protecting women’s rights from domestic and family ought to be a vital public policy objective in post-conflict communities. Additionally, the imperative for putting domestic and family violence on the post-conflict program is resultant from nations’ responsibilities under international human rights law. Legal philosophy is open that if a nation has a familiarity of this violence yet does not take reasonable efforts to guarantee victims’ protection and to investigate complaints, then that nation might be violating the vital human rights to life. The intended audience of this article is the community at large.
Fong, Yang Lai, and Shammah Esther Chiriseri Nyathi. “Gender Representation and Framing of Malaysian Women: A Study of Feature Articles in Female Magazine.” Journal of Content, Community and Communication 10.9 (2019): 29-38.
This writing is from a examination of feature articles in Female Magazine. According to the writing, several media platforms are powerful tools for socialization and communication. It is a major commercial press. It also uses credible sources to provide this information. By utilizing media representations, the audience establishes a manner of making sense of themselves and the universe. This information from a Study of Feature Articles in Female Magazine focuses on the portrayal of gender as a concept of masculinity and femininity. As a result, it reflects on human rights and how women are treated in society. Femininity and masculinity are a set of norms, attitudes, and values of females and males in society. The research used content analysis as the research method and framing as the theoretical framework to examine the representation of Malaysian women and the representation of femininity and masculinity in Female magazine. It was established that Female magazine did not put any traditional boundary, limit, or stereotype on its representation of Malaysian women. As an alternative, the magazine encouraged female readers to follow their passions, rivaling both the feminine and masculine characteristics crucial to be fruitful. This source is legitimate since it provides information that leads a reader to believe that the writer is an expert on the information.
Joshi, Madhav, and Louise Olsson. “War termination and women’s political rights.” Social Science Research 94 (2021): 102523.
This article examines women’s party-political rights developments in the post-war period and also explains the importance of warfare culmination types. In its reading, the authors seek to answer the question of whether the way in which political warfare is brought to an end affect’s women’s political rights progress. In this piece of writing, the writers create an analytical context demonstrating how the setting of warfare termination type impacts both willingness and opportunity of opposing parties and their candidness towards the impact of international players. It thus makes it probable to translate pressures from women’s groups and social ruptures into post-war advances in women’s political rights. The findings hold after controlling for the women’s rights provisions negotiated in agreements. It carries considerable policy significance by emphasizing the importance of women’s inclusion in peace processes. The article proceeds as follows; it starts by revisiting previous research and giving an outline of the analytical context by integrating a study on war ending with a study on conflict resolution and gender equality. It then applies short experimental illustrations of war culmination dynamics that let the authors show the theoretical devices precise to diverse war culmination kinds and frame their hypotheses. This article is a legitimate source and also reliable in a way that it provides a well-reasoned, thorough discussion or argument centered on strong evidence. It is a peer-reviewed articles hence legitimate. The article fits with what I already know because it centers on the subject of women’s right.
Radke, Helena RM, Matthew J. Hornsey, and Fiona Kate Barlow. “Changing versus protecting the status quo: Why men and women engage in different types of action on behalf of women.” Sex Roles 79.9 (2018): 505-518.
This article examines women’s and men’s readiness to take part in the action on behalf of women. The authors categorize the distinct types of behavior: action that purposes to challenge gender inequality and action that purposes to defend women from violence. In this article, three online research were conducted. For each one, the researchers used a United States community sample. In the first study, women reported higher intentions to take part in feminist activities than men did. Just like women, men were willing to take part in protective actions. In the second study, the researchers replicated the gender differences and realized that protective action was positively foretold by benevolent sexism among men. In the last study, they examined why women reported higher intentions to take part in feminist activities than men. The findings indicated that women are more aware of discrimination and gender inequality, which was connected with identification as a feminist. The article uses different types of sources. The source covers the topic comprehensively in a way that it does not only cover one aspect. The terminology and language used are also easy to understand. The author’s background is well established in terms of experience and knowledge.
Schleifer, Rebecca, and Luciana Pol. “International Guidelines on Human Rights and Drug Control: A Tool for Securing Women’s Rights in Drug Control Policy.” Health and human rights 19.1 (2017): 253.
This article is from Hun Health rights that were published in June 2017. The author’s background is well established in terms of experience and knowledge. It is a legitimate source because the author provides citations all the way through the article. It is a major research institution, well written, and one that will contribute to the research paper. According to this article, discrimination and inequality shape women’s experiences in the drug trade and drug use and the effect of drug control attempts on them, with disproportionate problems faced by poor and if not downgraded women. From the article, the United Nations have started to pay attention to women’s drug usage and involvement in the drug trade since women are also important members of society. They deserve equal rights like any other person. From the article, gender is a relational notion that captures the action of socially created attributes, identities, and role expectations for individuals deemed male or female. The women’s right to equality and non-discrimination on the foundation of gender was first protected in the UN Agreement and later in all major human rights contracts. Women deserve equal rights as men and should not be harassed or discriminated against in any way.
Thorsen, Einar, and Chindu Sreedharan. “# EndMaleGuardianship: Women’s rights, social media and the Arab public sphere.” New media & society 21.5 (2019): 1121-1140.
This research article analyzes the online communicative dynamics between men and women during the Saudi Arabia women’s campaign to bring to an end male guardianship, which spread-out on Twitter. The authors examined 2.6 million tweets with the #EndMaleGuardianship hashtag over a 6-month quantitatively and 140,245 of these qualitatively to analyze the range to which Twitter outlines and helps cross-gender communication, and in what way this aided engender new spaces for the expression of dissent. There was a piece of evidence using alternative spaces; women excelled to an extent the gender discrimination that occurs in traditional community debates and spaces of Saudi society. The obscurity of Twitter provided women a safe place to give their issues concerning male guardianship. This journal is legitimate since its information is up to date, trustworthy, and credible. The name of the author is indicated in the journal, and the information appears accurate. The article fits with what I already know in a way that it talks about discrimination of the women in Arabic countries. It will contribute to my research paper to the greatest extent.
Zwingel, Susanne. “Women’s rights norms as content-in-motion and incomplete practice.” Third World Thematic: A TWQ Journal 2.5 (2017): 675-690.
This article formulates two claims concerning women’s domestic implementation and their rights: First, continuing global discussions have made both contestation and agreement concerning the denotation of women’s rights. Henceforth, the perception is ‘in motion.’ Subsequently, this has resulted in various types of domestic engagement with this set of standards. The procedures have two elements, the first being the conversion between placed connotations, the second being the real execution of the idea, a dynamic that is still primarily incomplete. In order to explicate these assertions, the article first provides translation forces at work in the work of the CEDAW Board. It then traces translation efforts in Chile and Finland, two culturally different nations parties to the Convention. This source is well written, organized, and looks professional. It’s a website whose links are not broken, and one can easily navigate through. It is, as a result, credible and reliable for the research paper. This article is a major research institution.
Works Cited
Bradley, Samantha. “Domestic and family violence in post-conflict communities: International human rights law and the state’s obligation to protect women and children.” Health and human rights 20.2 (2018): 123.
Fong, Yang Lai, and Shammah Esther Chiriseri Nyathi. “Gender Representation and Framing of Malaysian Women: A Study of Feature Articles in Female Magazine.” Journal of Content, Community and Communication 10.9 (2019): 29-38.
Joshi, Madhav, and Louise Olsson. “War termination and women’s political rights.” Social Science Research 94 (2021): 102523.
Radke, Helena RM, Matthew J. Hornsey, and Fiona Kate Barlow. “Changing versus protecting the status quo: Why men and women engage in different types of action on behalf of women.” Sex Roles 79.9 (2018): 505-518.
Schleifer, Rebecca, and Luciana Pol. “International Guidelines on Human Rights and Drug Control: A Tool for Securing Women’s Rights in Drug Control Policy.” Health and human rights 19.1 (2017): 253.
Thorsen, Einar, and Chindu Sreedharan. “# EndMaleGuardianship: Women’s rights, social media and the Arab public sphere.” New media & society 21.5 (2019): 1121-1140.
Zwingel, Susanne. “Women’s rights norms as content-in-motion and incomplete practice.” Third World Thematic: A TWQ Journal 2.5 (2017): 675-
Enduring Consequences of the Second World War1
Enduring Consequences of the Second World War
The Second World War provided an ideal opportunity for future revolutions and transformations in the world. The overwhelming destruction of property and loss of lives compelled many nations to change their war policies. A number of enduring consequences of the Second World War are in the realm of contemporary international relations and politics. The significance of public opinion, post war tensions and the birth of the United Nations are some of the notable consequences of the war affecting the present generations
Public opinion has developed into a critical force in determining policy decisions. In the United States, leaders have continuously failed to secure public support to engage in war. The war on Iraq, for example, narrowly passed the test of public opinion. A significant number of Americans questioned the validity of the war, perhaps considering the inevitable destructions caused by war. A number of people and humanitarian organizations have petitioned their countries not to support ‘the war on terror.’ Terrorists take advantage of the media by displaying horrific images of bombings, and live execution of victims to weaken public support for the war on terror. Public support must bear informed decisions about a war rather than follow misguided facts and fears of terror.
Heightened tensions and suspicions emerged from the Second World War and led to the Cold War. Both the United States and Russia assume the role of super powers and have massive support from their allies. After the war, the former advocated for capitalistic ideologies while the latter embraced socialist ideologies. Economic and political organization in the contemporary world inclines to either capitalism or communism. The rivalry between the United States and Russia has led to the establishment of many spy agencies. These agencies track the movement of rival nations and report the findings back home for appropriate actions. Iran, Iraq, and North Korea top the list of nations targeted by spy agencies for suspicions of possessing weapons of mass destruction. The nuclear aspiration by Iran is especially questionable because of its previous hostile proclamations about the continued existence of the state of Israel. Iran and several other Arab nations clearly assert that Israel be exterminated from the face of the earth. Such dangerous sentiments lead to hatred, suspicion and war. Proper policies on international relations are the best solution to reduce anxiety and suspicion that lead to war.
Nations were compelled to form The United Nations Organization as an urgent measure to check against the emergence of another major war. International peace is no longer the prerogative of a few nations, but of all nations under the United Nations. The United Nations actively participates in providing humanitarian aid to people in war-torn nations. The organization has strictly laid out policies and declarations that limit the chances of nations going to war. Crimes against humanity and genocides have reduced significantly after the establishment of the United Nations. The organization draws its military force from member nations to assist in maintaining world peace. The soldiers establish bases between warring nations that act as shields and corridors for transport of humanitarian aid to the victims.
Conclusion
In its brutality on the battlefield, and its far-reaching political consequences, the First World War scarred combatants, civilians, and politicians as well as generations since who continued to struggle with its enduring legacy. Today, with Kosovo, a UN protectorate in the heart of Europe; the festering conflicts in the Middle East and Africa; Chinese-Japanese antagonism in East Asia; significant skepticism about the legitimacy and efficacy of collective security institutions like the UN; transatlantic disagreements over the use of force; and a battle for public opinion in the media no less important than the war on the ground, the modern world is still living through a post-WWI conjuncture.
The founding of the United Nations, the birth of the state of Israel, and the origin of the Cold War all sprung from the theatre of the Second World War, and have had notable influences on world economics and politics. However, the two effects that have affected a great number of people are the creation of the State of Israel and the bombing of Nagasaki and Hiroshima. Their effects still resonate in today’s generations.
The establishment of the state of Israel in Palestine in 1948 through a United Nation resolution has been cited as the reason for the anti-Jewish sentiments prevalent in the Middle East today (Nacos, 2009). Several Arab nations are hostile and openly belligerent towards the state of Israel. Topping the list of such countries is Iran, whose aspirations to acquire nuclear capability has been viewed unfavorably due to its previous hostile assertions about the continued existence of state of Israel (Adib-Moghaddam, 2010). Statistics from the () twice as many conflict and aggression towards the state of Israel than any other country in the world. The wars and armed conflict in Palestine is especially challenges administration of health care and educational services; a soft point for today’s generation.
The bombing of Nagasaki and Hiroshima is another effect of the Second World War whose outcome is still felt today. The direct death from the bombings have been estimated to be between 200,000 – 300,000 persons, and almost similar number of deaths, over a span of fifty years, attributed to the health complications from radiation exposure (). The economic impacts of the bombing are also equally far reaching. The Japanese government spends an estimated $50 billion annually in treatment regimes and payments to the survivors and families of survivors of the two bombing incidents (). This is a considerable budgetary spending considered that Japan has an annual budget of about $1 trillion () and an overall health care budget of about $150 billion ().
The effects of these two upshots of Second World War do not act only regionally but have wider implications for generations across the world. The economic sanctions directed towards Iran for its acts of aggression against Israel while stifling the growth of the Iranian economy, also jeopardizes economies dependent on the Iranian oil or trade with Iran. The state of Israel also consequently has to spend significant portion of their national income for their defense budget. The effects of Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombing awoke the world to the potency of nuclear weapons; influencing current nuclear treaties and disarmament programs (Langley, 2006).
While a number of vestigial consequences of the Second World War are still present today, the two that directly affected, or continue to affect, a great number of persons are the creation of the State of Israel and the twin bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The direct and consequential effects can still be seen in the economic, cultural, and political orientations of the affected nations, and to some extent, influenced international relations policies in many countries.
References
Langley, A. (2006). Hiroshima And Nagasaki: Fire from the Sky Snapshots in History. Brooklyn: Compass Point Books.
Adib-Moghaddam, A. (2010). Iran in World Politics: The Question of the Islamic Republic. Columbia: Columbia University Press
Nacos, B. L. (2009). Terrorism and the Media: From the Iran Hostage Crisis to the World Trade Center Attacks. Columbia: Columbia University Press
