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Elements of Market Mix
Elements of Market Mix
Name
Institution
Marketing Mix
In business, organizations, especially production companies need to evaluate business tactics in order to keep in business by capturing markets and maximizing opportunities for making sales. Marketing mix includes the type of product itself, their prices, the right place to manufacture and sell them and how much the company does to promote the sale of the products. This means that market mixing includes the four principles; product, price, place and promotion, all of which determines the development of an organization. This research paper will summarize how the four factors affects the development of an organization, for instance the Nokia Company which manufactures mobile phones as the main product, its expected business marketing strategies and how it might affect its position in the market.
The Nokia Company is among the top giant organizations that have stretched wide across the globe. It falls under the manufacturing industry and competes with so many other mobile phone companies which deal with cell phones, their accessories and other electronics including computers and cameras. The organization being in the manufacturing industry needs to keep up with the market trend, making sure it makes quality products to stay competitive, constantly advertising its products to entice prospective buyers and also by making sure it does promotions at the right places.
For the first element, product would mean the mobile phones and accessories that come with them. The company has to make quality products to ensure that it does not lose its position in the market (Mcgraw-Hill, 2009). This will ensure that consumers do not have anything to worry about when doing business with the company because the trust in the product is retained. The company has to keep a steady growth and watch on its progress in the business as far as profit margins are concerned. The quality of the products also means the company should maintain the standards set by the responsible agencies that put in place policies to control the type of products made by manufacturing companies. The Nokia Company should market products that have gone through enough inspection and confirmed to be of the best intended quality to avoid complaints from clients that would eventually cause loses due to loss of trust by consumers. One of the aspects in terms of quality of the product is the lifespan of the products, how long is expected to stay in good condition, especially how it is designed to withstand accidental falls onto hard surfaces, resistant to heat and liquids. This ensures that consumers realize the value of their money and saves the company strenuous marketing campaigns (Lamb, Hair, & McDaniel, 2010).
Place is the second element, which specifically means the point of sale and where consumers are available. Companies that wish to sell their products have to make their goods and services available to the consumers and entice them to make purchases. Nokia has to choose strategic places to sell their products, including booking considerable shops that are located in major cities with a lot of human traffic in order to capture as much prospective buyers as possible. The company should take up many shops in urban areas and select the ones that are situated where other major business types such as banking industries because it is expected that such places has a population that deals with numerous transactions. Business-minded people know that people have the tendency to spend money as soon as they have made a withdrawal, therefore erecting Nokia shops around banks and other banking institution lures customers by tempting them to spend their earnings. The company would also invest less in terms of advertising, for example locating the business in urban areas where the majority of people need mobile phones for communication.
The price of the product is also another key element that affects the sale of goods and services as well as translating to the amount of sale and profits accrued. Nokia should standardize the price of their mobile phones and accessories in relation to the prices offered by other companies manufacturing the same types of products. People have a tendency to run for cheaper products and therefore Nokia should access the price tags by other mobile phone companies and charge relatively the same, slightly lower on other types of phones and higher on others to make sales and at the same time avoid losses (Mcgraw-Hill, 2009).
Depending on the quality of the product, the company should not charge too much or too cheap. For the buyers who need to make large purchases, Nokia should be able to adjust their prices and offer a discount for the consumers who spend much money on their products at once. This is a tactic to encourage more customers to come in and make more purchases, especially those small outlets that intend to sell from their own shops. This plan advertises for the company, retains customers and increases the volume of sales of the company. The company should also consider doing market surveys on the consumers about the pricing of products to assess if adjustments should be made to maintain the rate of sales.
Lastly, promotion refers to the way producers and sellers communicate with their customers. It gives the customers a platform to make decisions about the different types of products, One of the best communications strategies which the company should impellent is advertising their products and educating consumers on how different types of products work. Consumers need guidance and information on how certain products, especially those that are new in the market work. Sales promotions ensure that all important information about the products reach the consumers.
As the amount of sales is elevated, the company invests more on advertising to maintain its standard in the market. By maintaining a good business communication with the consumers, the company will identify which customers and which areas to focus on most in terms of the efforts of promotion and advertising. Responding to feedbacks from customers shows concern and respect on their needs and this impresses the buyers and thus retains them in business. Increased promotional activity also puts the company at an advantage, by keeping in communication with its customers who would like to find out about changes in prices and learn about new product releases.
Reference
Mcgraw-Hill, T. (2009). Qb In Business Studies Xii 7E. Tata McGraw-Hill Education
Lamb, C. W., Hair, J. F & McDaniel, C. D. (2010). Essentials of Marketing. Cengage Learning, 2010
Elements of Defense
Elements of Defense
Author
Institution
The defense policy has several elements; one of the elements is peace and security. The American government uses the defense policy in protecting its citizens and its borders. As it seeks to protect the borders, the defense policy ensures that there is a prevalence of peace in other countries. The defense policy believes in the use of diplomacy in achieving peace and security within the borders of the United States (Bolt et al, 2005). Justice constitutes another element of the defense policy. The United States uses the defense policy in ensuring that justice is followed; justice is usually followed by adhering to the set laws both nationally and internationally regarding human rights. Therefore, the element of justice is ensured by the defense policy through guarding the human rights and international law. People are also a critical element of the defense policy; the defense policy ensures that it puts into a consideration humanistic element in its functioning. Therefore, the defense policy ensures that the United States considers the education, health, and human rights of others. This element relates to the humanistic assistance, which is also another element of the defense policy. According to the defense policy, assistance and protection needs to be offered to individuals affected by war and natural disaster. According to this element, human life is precious and needs to be guarded at any particular time, when in danger of war or natural disasters. Economic growth is another element of the defense policy. According to this element, the defense policy should seek to help in promoting development in the entire globe and enhance the economic status of the United States and other countries (Bolt et al, 2005). Besides, promotion of understanding constitutes another element of the defense policy. The defense policy ensures that there is an understanding between different groups such as religious groups. Through the promotion of understanding, the defense policy promotes peaceful coexistence between individuals and groups, and ensures protection of their rights.
The scope of the government legalizes the government to conduct its role as specified by the constitution. The national security policy increases the scope of the government since it is sometimes forced to expand its role and conduct activities beyond its national scope. One of the ways that the national security policy has expanded the scope of the government entails the determination of policies that can help in ending war in other countries. The U.S. government has the role of acting within the provisions of the constitution on matters pertaining to the issues affecting the nation and its citizens. When there is war in other countries, the government expands its scope since it is involved in formulating policies that can help in terminating the war amicably. This is an international scope, which is more than the national scope of the government. In matters pertaining to security, war in certain nations is likely to cause a threat to security in other nations, which affects the relationship between nations. The threat to security also affects the productivity of nations; therefore, the intervention of the U.S government is critical in ensuring that it determines policies that aid in ending wars that emerge in other countries. This helps in maintaining peace internationally.
Apart from engaging in terminating wars that emerge in other countries, the scope of the U.S. government is expanded, when it comes to matters pertaining to the establishment and development of illegal groups that become a threat to the international peace. Whenever these groups emerge, they cause war or become a threat to security leading to the thwarting of international peace. Take, for instance, the Al-Qaida terrorist group; the group is a threat not only to the United States, but to the international peace. The national security policy expands the scope of the U.S. government in eradicating such groups that are a threat to the international peace and security. The U.S. government partners with other nations in formulating policies that get rid of these groups; this is an expanded scope since it deals with not only national, but also international matters.
Besides, the scope of the government is expanded, when it engages other countries having differences in diplomacy. Sometimes, countries may have issues affecting them, which can lead to disintegration of peace between countries. In such instances, the U.S. government can use diplomacy in resolving the deepening relationship between countries. Through intervening in the affairs of such countries, the U.S government helps the countries in resolving conflicts that may be in existence, which is a vital aspect of maintaining international peace and security. The intervention of the U.S. government in resolving the conflicts that are beyond its borders is an indication of an expanded scope since it involves the international community.
On the other hand, the national security policy leads to an expanded scope of the government through the government offering economic and military support to other sovereign countries. There are those countries that do not have resources to help them in eliminating issues affecting them; the U.S. government may assist such countries in eliminating such issues by providing economic and military support (Jordan, 2009). For instance, the U.S. government can offer military assistance to a sovereign country in order to help it in ending successfully in a war. Further, the government can offer economic assistance to help a country recover from war. Such intervention is beyond the national scope, which implies that it expands the scope of the government.
Defense policy experts have suggested some reforms in the United States military. One of the reforms suggested concerns the earning of the NCO title. Newly commissioned officers usually face the criticism of earning the title of NCO without undergoing any NCO training. Experts suggest that reforms should be considered so as to have professional NCO corps. A problem noted in the U.S. military is that junior recruited usually become promoted too fast. It is suggested that normal promotion to E-2 must be after one satisfying year in service; this is double of what is today’s requirement. Besides, it is also suggested that normal promotion to E-3 must be considered after a soldier satisfactorily completes two years in service. In the mean time, a promotion to E-2 requires a satisfactory service of about 10-12 months (Nielsen, 2010). On the other hand, since promotion to E-4 currently takes 2-3 years, but it is suggested to occur at the conclusion of the initial four year enlistment for a GIs graduate. Therefore, attendance of a formal NCO school is suggested a must for junior soldiers, who desire to be promoted. Sending of all E-3s chosen for reenlistment in a formal NCO school is likely not to cost more if promotion time becomes slowed because lower-ranking GIs are usually paid less. Also, the military will not waste resources sending junior GIs to different short term leadership schools unless they sign papers enlisting them in the reserves or active force. According to the suggested reform, NCO school must become essential for promotions to E-4. This change is likely to improve the morale and quality of the recruited force. All troops; that is, E-1/ E-2 / E-3 need to be called seamen or private, and all NCOs need to have clear titles and leadership chevrons.
Another proposed reform in the U.S. military concerns transformation of the army and assigning 2% of the military manpower to the basic mission of defending the country at the border from invasion. Recollecting from the 9/11 attacks, Americans became shocked by the killing of 3000 citizens. Since then, the number of Americans killed by illegal aliens has increased. As the United States restrict visas to certain individuals, tracks international terrorists, and tightens port security, the future terrorists are likely to walk across the loosely guarded border. Placing soldiers on the border needs orders from the president, but also needs proposals from Army Generals. The Generals keep on spreading myths such as; it is not possible to stop illegal immigration and the U.S. army does not have resources for border troops. These myths by Generals lead to unguarded borders. Therefore, according to the experts’ suggestions, there is a need for border patrols. Guarding remote regions of the border constitutes a tough mission, which implies that guarding remote border points is a problem for the military. However, the experts suggest that the number of troops guarding the border points need to be increased so as to ensure enough security in the country as there will be enough troops on the borders to restrict aliens from entry; assigning 2% of the military manpower on the borders is suggested as a way of ending alien invasion (Nielsen, 2010).
Another proposed change targeting to reform the United States military constitutes the elimination of 17-year old soldiers. The current requirement in order to become enlisted as a soldier, requires a person to have a range of 17-34 years. However, experts are arguing that considering 17 year old individuals eligible for the position of a soldier is wrong because he is still a minor. As the military is evolving into a more professional and mature force, the practice of recruiting child soldiers should stop. From a legal perspective, it can be deemed as irresponsible for the American military to recruit minors, who sleep in open barracks and take showers together with adults. Besides, the law does not require minors to engage in contracts, but the recruitment of 17 year old soldiers implies that the U.S. government makes contracts with minors who end up serving in the military. Because of the dangers involved in dealing with a minor and the need to develop a mature military force, it is suggested that the government should focus on changing the recruitment of 17-year old persons in the military and make 18 years the proper age requirement for the enlistment of solders (Nielsen, 2010).
In addition, experts also suggest that there should be unifying of ROTC. Training of fresh officers in the military is wasteful and expensive. The cost of operating three service academies is exceedingly high. Nevertheless, ROTC is also wasteful and needs trimming; especially small programs that have as many full time personnel as officers they commission every year. Officers in the small units feel the pressure of lowering standards in improving the size of their cadet organizations, which is demoralizing. Efforts of eliminating small ROTC programs are usually killed by Congressmen. Therefore, in an attempt to alleviate the cost of operating the three academies, experts suggest that all the three ROTC programs be combined (Nielsen, 2010).
Conclusion
The defense policy is exceedingly vital emanating from the elements that it has; the elements of the policy aids in solving various issues that affect the security in the U.S. and other countries. These elements include: peace and security, humanistic assistance, justice, people, promotion of understanding, and economic growth. Through the maintenance of these elements, the defense policy ensures that there is maintenance and prevalence of peace. This constitutes a vital aspect of human coexistence. The scope of the government is vital in ensuring that the government carries its role well. The national security policy expands the scope of the government since the government not only plays a national role, but also an international role. For instance, the national security policy expands the scope of the government in dealing with issues of terrorism; terrorism is not just taken as a national issue, but also as an international problem. Experts have suggested some reforms in the U.S. military. Such suggestions include the combination of all the three ROTC programs, changing the recruitment of 17-year old persons in the military, and assigning 2% of the military manpower on the borders.
References
Bolt, P. J., Coletta, D. V., & Shackelford, C. G. (2005). American defense policy. Baltimore, Md. [u.a.: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Nielsen, S. C. (2010). An army transformed: The U.S. Army’s post-Vietnam recovery and the dynamics of change in military organizations. Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College.
Jordan, A. A. (2009). American national security. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Elements of Change Vision
Elements of Change Vision
Your Name
Institutional Affiliation
Elements of Change Vision
Introduction
Although many organizational leaders craft visionary statements, most of them are neither powerful nor valid. Notably, a valid vision statement differentiates organizations that may face off and disappear easily from those that achieve great results even in situations of adversities. Moreover, a true vision for change drives you towards your passion and brings energy that creates motives aimed at fulfilling laid goals or dreams and leaving a legacy behind (Mohan, 1993). Similarly, change vision creates dimensions geared toward achieving large-scale success positive influence.Elements and Description of Valid VisionsVision statement should be positive so as to generate positive energy. Positive declaratory words radiate enthusiasm and self drive that lures others who read or hear the statement (Hussey, 2000). Impactful visions use positive words, for example, a statement like “Our team never fails” should be replaced by “Our team always wins.”Again, a change vision should be welcomed by all without exertion of force, direct command, or compulsion. The people in the organization need to embrace the issue whole-heartedly and with great enthusiasm (Hussey, 2000). Instead, a good change vision moves people and pays attention to the speed at which change is introduced.Furthermore, enabling change creates short term wins but ultimately aimed at sustainability. The momentum is maintained to develop positive values and behaviors over a series of successful changes (Mohan, 1993). Continual wave after wave of successes to never let up the vision is recommended.Communicating Validity of Change EnvisionedInformation must have a broad coverage and to achieve this, communicate the change vision broadly, frequently, and dramatically, particularly with regard to crises or potential crises. To successfully implement the initiatives of change, leaders must first identify the urgency of change and then communicate to all the stakeholders (Mohan, 1993). Communication mechanism used should be precise and understood by all, for instance, by use of emotional driving posters or notices.One of the key elements of vision is creating incentives and motivation. If this aspect is flawed, the morale of the target persons will die, consequently, leading to failure and loss of effectiveness (Hussey, 2000). To consistently maintain the motivation, communication must be properly facilitated.ConclusionIn an organization, the key elements to achieve change include vision, incentives, momentum creation and action plans. The change vision guides the goals and strategies of achievements that ultimately make organizations successful and attain their dreams.
References
Hussey, D. E. (2000). How to Manage Organisational Change. London, Angleterre: Kogan Page.
Mohan, M. L. (1993). Organizational Communication and Cultural Vision: Approaches for analysis. Albany, NY: State Univ. of New York Press.