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School of Health Professions and Nursing
Proposed title of the project
Your name
Christopher A. Williams, JD
Professor of Public and Healthcare Administration
School of Health Professions and Nursing
Long Island University – LIU Post
December 2021
Table of Contents
TOC o “1-3” h z u Introduction PAGEREF _Toc7773421 h 3Background and context PAGEREF _Toc7773422 h 3Problem statement PAGEREF _Toc7773423 h 3Research questions PAGEREF _Toc7773424 h 3Relevance and importance of the research PAGEREF _Toc7773425 h 3Literature review PAGEREF _Toc7773426 h 3Key concepts, theories and studies PAGEREF _Toc7773427 h 3Key debates and controversies PAGEREF _Toc7773428 h 3Gaps in existing knowledge PAGEREF _Toc7773429 h 3Research design and methods PAGEREF _Toc7773430 h 3Aims and objectives PAGEREF _Toc7773431 h 3Methods and sources PAGEREF _Toc7773432 h 3Practicalities and potential obstacles PAGEREF _Toc7773433 h 3Implications and contributions to knowledge PAGEREF _Toc7773434 h 3Practical implications PAGEREF _Toc7773435 h 3Theoretical implications PAGEREF _Toc7773436 h 3Reference list PAGEREF _Toc7773437 h 4Research schedule PAGEREF _Toc7773438 h 5Research phase PAGEREF _Toc7773439 h 5Objectives PAGEREF _Toc7773440 h 5Deadline PAGEREF _Toc7773441 h 5
IntroductionThe introduction should include the following elements:
Background and ContextLead the reader into the topic and scope of your research.
Problem StatementDescribe the theoretical or practical research problem that you want to address. What is already known about the problem? What is missing from current knowledge?
Research QuestionsState the specific question(s) that you aim to answer.
Relevance and Importance of the ResearchMake it clear what new insights you will contribute, who they are relevant to, and why the research is worth doing.
Literature reviewThe literature review summarizes, compares and critiques the most relevant scholarly sources on the topic. There are many different ways to structure a literature review, but it should explore:
Key Concepts, Theories and Studies
Compare, contrast, and establish the theories and concepts that will be most important for your project.
Key Debates and ControversiesIdentify points of conflict and situate your own position.
Gaps in Existing KnowledgeShow what is missing and how your project will fit in.
Research design and methodsHere you should explain your approach to the research and describe exactly what steps you will take to answer your questions.
Research design
Explain how you will design the research. Qualitative or quantitative? Original data collection or primary/secondary sources? Descriptive, correlational or experimental?
Methods and SourcesDescribe the tools, procedures, participants and sources of the research. When, where and how will you collect, select and analyze data?
Practical Considerations
Address any potential obstacles, limitations and ethical or practical issues. How will you plan for and deal with problems?
Implications and contributions to knowledgeFinish the proposal by emphasizing why your proposed project is important and what it will contribute to practice or theory.
Practical ImplicationsWill your findings help improve a process, inform policy, or make a case for concrete change?
Theoretical ImplicationsWill your work help strengthen a theory or model, challenge current assumptions, or create a basis for further research?
References
AuthorLastName, FirstInitial., & Author LastName, FirstInitial. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, Volume(Issue), Page Number(s). https://doi.org/number
AuthorLastName, FirstInitial., & Author LastName, FirstInitial. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, Volume(Issue), Page Number(s). https://doi.org/number
AuthorLastName, FirstInitial., & Author LastName, FirstInitial. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, Volume(Issue), Page Number(s). https://doi.org/number
AuthorLastName, FirstInitial., & Author LastName, FirstInitial. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, Volume(Issue), Page Number(s). https://doi.org/number
AuthorLastName, FirstInitial., & Author LastName, FirstInitial. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, Volume(Issue), Page Number(s). https://doi.org/number
AuthorLastName, FirstInitial., & Author LastName, FirstInitial. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, Volume(Issue), Page Number(s). https://doi.org/number
Research scheduleResearch phaseObjectivesDeadlineAppendices
Solar panel or container loading
Project Title:Solar panel or container loading
Name
Number
Course
Tutor
Date
Aims
To come up with functional software based control system for solar panel.
To come up with experimental software representation for small scale stand alone power systems based on hydrogen and solar energy.
To test the power system software using various input parameters such as electrolyser power capacity, programmable power supply capacity, capacity of fuel cell, lead-acid battery power capacity, programmable load capacity and many other input parameters and/or variables.
To report on solar panel software system performance and operational experience based on inputs supplied and the generated system output.
To make use of solutions with wide working ranges in considering future expansion of the system test facility.
Objectives
The first objective is to be able to select and apply information system design methodology in the design and implementation of a software based solar panel system.
To analyze and design a methodology based solution, by applying system development life cycle(SDLC), process estimation and framework, process architecture, case driven processes, business modeling work flow, requirements workflow as well as applying analysis and design work flow.
To implement the methodologically driven solution through the construction and test phases.
Apply project management approaches, deployments, quality and standards as well as maintenance in ensuring project quality and maintainability.
Be able to make use of presentations, audience and documentation to evaluate the success or failure of projects in terms of aims, objectives, outcomes, techniques applied and improvement required.
Brief Description
The solar panel software based control system is used to implement stand alone power system based on hydrogen and solar energy. The system’s main function is to report performance and operational experience based on various parameter inputs. The input parameters are thus used to control the output by supplying different input values each time. The implementation is to consider various requirements specifications which may be classified as input, processing and output specifications (Miland and Ulleberg 2012).
Some of the typical requirements in this system include power rate for programmable power supply, power rate for electrolyser, power rate for programmable load, power rate for fuel cell all given in kilowatts(kW). In addition, hydrogen purification unit, metal hydride storage (in Nm3) and lead acid battery size (in ampere hours/ Ah) are also part of input requirements. One of the control actions to be built within the power system is to switch the components either ON or OFF (Miland and Ulleberg 2012).
The requirements are to be analyzed according to the relationships that exist between input parameters and the expected outputs via processing operations. The analysis can be done with the help of such tools as data flow diagrams, system flowcharts, pseudo codes and even decision tables to help appreciate how input data should flow into the system in terms of graphical and logic presentation to the outputs. The analysis of requirements needed for the system is conducted by the system analyst (Vivas, Agudo and López 2011, Vivas, Agudo and López 2011).
The analysis will also be carried out in terms of financial feasibility, operational feasibility, economic feasibility and all other relevant feasibility analysis. This will help in deciding whether the expected solar panel system is cost effective in relation to cost to be incurred as well as benefits to be realized in prospect. The system is considered cost effective if the sum total of developmental and operational benefits outweighs those of developmental and operational costs (Vivas, Agudo and López 2011, Vivas, Agudo and López 2011).
The information system methodology such as agile or waterfall models is then chosen to aid in the design of the solar panel system. The entire design is based on the requirements already analyzed in the analysis phase of development. The design will basically involve transformation of analyzed system specifications into solar panel system representation. This is therefore the blue print of the system to be implemented. The types of designs to be considered in this case include architectural design, logarithmic design; Design of data structures and files, component level design, interface design and data design (involves all inputs, processing and output. The data design comprises of input design, processing design, output design and database design where appropriate. The choice of design methodology at this stage is done by the system analyst (Vivas, Agudo and López 2011).
As long as the design is perfectly done, then this will translate to few or less errors when the design is converted to program code. The design tools will such as pseudo codes, system flow charts, decision tables among others will be used to represent the system blue print. In this stage, the system analyst is equated to an architect who lays down the frame work of a house or building. The programmer who is equated to an engineer comes in the next phase to implement or to build the system in accordance with the design specifications (Vivas, Agudo and López 2011).
The implementation of the system is to take place by first choosing a suitable programming language for coding purposes. The already designed system is then transformed into executable codes. The choice of language to use is determined by many factors such as type of system, facilities offered by the language, user friendliness, availability, reliability and many other factors. Some of the languages which can be considered in this case include structured languages such as ‘C’, C++ and others, object oriented programming like java and visual languages like Microsoft visual basic among others. The coded system can then be tested and debugged to remove syntax, logical, runtime errors and many others errors that may show up. Coding is normally done by the system programmer (Vivas, Agudo and López 2011, Vivas, Agudo and López 2011).
The system can finally be tested using the various input parameters described above in order to observe how the output behaves. This is the second level of testing which is done at the unit level, integration level, module level, system level and at a user acceptance level. This process is carried out by the system programmers in the presence of other stakeholders like users (Vivas, Agudo and López 2011).
Each and every stage above will be scheduled to take place for some given time frames. Gantt charts will be employed to schedule every activity, showing the start and finishing time. The critical path analysis will also be used to help determine the combination of project activities that last for the longest possible time vas compared to other activity combinations in other paths of the project network. Other project management practices to be considered in this case include deployment, quality standards and maintenance.
Special Conditions
It is assumed that the system description above is a prototype that will further help the system analyst and other stakeholders to revise requirements collection after demonstrating its functionality. The second assumption is that users of this system are present at every stage of development so that the system can be fine tuned according to their preference. Another assumption is that requirements are partially known from the beginning of the very first phase.
The project is also being developed from the scratch until the final deliverable is achieved. The development methodology also assumes waterfall model of system development life cycle. The next assumption is that this solar panel system is to be implemented from passive solar design and therefore the passive system is simple since it has few moving parts and need minimum maintenance. Id addition, this passive solar design does not need mechanical systems. One risk that is involved here is that the project must be implemented irrespective of the cost to be incurred in terms of time and money (Dell’Orto et al. 2012).
Resources
The resources required for the implementation of this system include computers, that is, either desktop or laptop. Human resources like programmers and system analyst will be required for the smooth running of all processes required to accomplish the system. Even users are part of the resources since their views are taken in to an account at every stage of development. Other resources may include information notebooks and pens to help in recording of other facts during the time of data collection.
Finances are also needed to cater for costs of data collection, cost of analysis, design and implementation. However, the time is the most important resource in this case because system components will have to finish up within the scheduled deadline. This is because increasing time constraint for a given activity in the project may mean delaying other deliverables for the other succeeding phases hence adding up again to the overall cost of implementing the system.
Comments:
The above system description is a conceptualized details and description of the software based solar panel control system that is expected. Given enough and relevant resources that are mentioned above, then the implementation part of it can be simpler. However, the success of the system will only be realized if all the stages described above are strictly followed to enhance high degree of accuracy as well as to avoid missing data. All the relevant stakeholders must also be present at all stages of this project management to avoid future victimization of future flaws in the system being directed to a single individual.
References
Miland, H, and Ulleberg, Ø, 2012, Testing of a small-scale stand-alone power system based on solar energy and hydrogen, Solar energy, 86(1), 666-680.
Dell’Orto, E, Raimondo, L,, Sassella, A, and Abbotto, A, 2012), Dye-sensitized solar cells: spectroscopic evaluation of dye loading on TiO 2, Journal of Materials Chemistry, 22(22), 11364-11369.
Vivas, J, L,, Agudo, I, and López, J, 2011, A methodology for security assurance-driven system development, Requirements Engineering, 16(1), 55-73.
Vivas, J. L, Agudo, I, and López, J, 2011, A methodology for security assurance-driven system development, Requirements Engineering, 16(1), 55-73.
Differences between the ADN and BSN
Differences between the ADN and BSN
Author
Institution
Introduction
The importance of the healthcare sector in any country can never be underestimated as far as the overall well being of the economy is concerned. Indeed, it has a direct impact on how good an economy is especially considering that it determines how productive individuals in that economy would be. Needless to say, the healthcare sector has numerous categories of professionals, each of whom undertake crucial duties and responsibilities in an effort to ensure the smooth running of the healthcare sector, as well as its sustainability and profitability both in the long-term and short-term (Sackett et al, 2000). While these professions may have varying degrees of importance in the healthcare sector, nursing comes as one of the most fundamental professions. Nurses are responsible for the development of patient plan of care in collaboration with the patient, therapists and physicians, diagnose health problems, as well as prescribe medications or treatments for the same. In addition, nurses may assist in the coordination of patient care carried out by other healthcare professionals such as dieticians, medical practitioners and therapists and can offer care autonomously as healthcare professionals or interdependently with other healthcare professionals (Sackett et al, 2000). Their importance is underlined by the fact that they spend more time with the patients than possibly any other healthcare professional does, in which case the experience of the patients in any healthcare facility would be highly influenced by the kind of care that they offer in the long-term and short-term. Given its importance in the healthcare sector, it is not surprising that nursing requires years of intense and specialized education and experience. Indeed, nurses are differentiated not only by the fields in which they work but also in their level of education. Two of the fundamentally crucial types of nurses are Associate Degree/Diploma nurse and the Baccalaureate prepared nurse. Their academic credentials come with different competencies that are applicable in the healthcare sector.
One of the key differences between Associate Degree/Diploma nurses and Baccalaureate prepared nurses revolves around the scope of their roles. Associate degree/diploma nurses have the primary role of offering direct nursing care or coordinated care to a limited number and group of clients in varied healthcare settings (Sackett et al, 2000). The clients may come with unpredictable or predictable healthcare needs are recognized as individuals or members of families. This is quite different from baccalaureate prepared nurses as they are trained to offer, as well as direct care to families, individuals and groups with unpredictable and complicated healthcare needs in both unstructured and structured settings (Staiger et al, 2012). Baccalaureate nursing program-qualified graduates obtain a temporary permit allowing them to practice under a registered professional nurse’s direct supervision for a period of 60-days while waiting for testing and licensure (Sackett et al, 2000). The graduates routinely start their professional journeys or careers in structured settings and rapidly move to leadership and/or community-based roles.
In addition, there exists a difference in the competencies of the Associate Degree Nurses and Baccalaureate Degree Nurses with regard to the amount of time that they spend in the process of obtaining formal education. Associate Degree nurses can obtain their degree from junior college or even community college, while Baccalaureate prepare nurses are required to attend a minimum of 4 years in a college or university. Indeed, researchers have underlined the fact that there exists a distinct or clear difference between the 72 credits that an Associate Degree Nurse would require and the 125 credits that individuals in Baccalaureate nursing Degree programs have to acquire so as to practice (Staiger et al, 2012). The baccalaureate curriculum lays emphasis and focus on evidence-based clinical leadership and practice, with extra courses such as critical thinking, statistics, research, and community health/public health being offered. These additional courses prepare these nurses in pursuit of graduate study resulting in advanced nursing degree. Associate degree nursing programs, on the other hand, concentrate on technical aspects pertaining to nursing appropriate in the provision of direct care to families and patients especially in acute care settings (Marquis & Huston, 2009). Associate degree nurses obtain skills and knowledge necessary for the care of families and individuals in illness and restoration after obtaining medical treatment and often practice a considerably limited nursing care level. Scholars note that nursing competencies and knowledge of associate degree nurses is restricted to hands-on patient care in community health facilities and hospitals, with the few units in the programs providing the basics pertaining to leadership necessary for Registered Nurse supervision in other healthcare providers (Sackett et al, 2000). On the same note, associate degree nurses are yet to be prepared for graduate study.
Moreover, there exists a difference in the expansiveness of their roles. Baccalaureate prepared nurses, in general, are seen as considerably better prepared for a significantly wider range of nursing roles, as well as carrying out duties in the professional roles in which they have undergone training (Staiger et al, 2012). Baccalaureate prepared nurses have critical skills and the appropriate capacity for making serious and critical decisions at the appropriate time. The degree provides nurses a chance to examine issues pertaining to public health, while allowing them to comprehend problems of the same (Sackett et al, 2000). Indeed, the degree is particularly focused on offering nurse management training thereby allowing them to manage patients with varied needs. BSN nurses have considerably more work opportunities in varied healthcare settings providing extensive array of opportunities for professional growth (Marquis & Huston, 2009). They may be educators, discharge planners, case managers, administrators, bedside nurses and even work in community clinics, public health and home health. Indeed, they also stand excellent chances in the military. Associate degree nurses, on the other hand, are limited to the provision of hands-on direct patient care in a considerably more limited type of healthcare setting including hospitals, physician offices, long-term care facilities, skilled nursing facilities and clinics. In addition, Associate degree nurses are seen as having the capacity to perform well in the technical roles for which they have obtained training, as well as in leadership roles for which they may not have been originally prepared.
As a baccalaureate prepared nurse, it is evident that an individual would have the capacity to make a difference in the quality of healthcare services that is offered to patients. This is especially considering the fact that baccalaureate nurses have the capacity to practice in a wider range of settings and with considerably more extensive range of patients (Marquis & Huston, 2009). In addition, they have considerably higher chances of advancing their level of study and practice, in which case they would eventually have the capacity to make fundamental decisions affecting the healthcare sector both in the long-term and the short-term. Of particular note is the fact that they are considerably less restricted in their practice compared to their associate degree prepared counterparts.
References
Sackett, D.L, Straus, S.E, Richardson, W.S., Rosenberg, W., & Haynes, R.B. (2000). Evidence-based medicine: How to practice and teach EBM. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.
Staiger, D. O., Auerbach, D., & Buerhaus, P. (2012). Registered nurse labor supply and the recession – are we in a bubble? New England Journal of Medicine, 366(16), 1463-1465.
Marquis, B. L., & Huston, C. J. (2009). Leadership roles and management functions in nursing: Theory and application. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.