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deliverables of an early warning system
Output/ deliverables of an early warning system
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Instructor:
Institution
Introduction
As a labour intensive industry, hospitality employs large numbers of wage earners, whose taxes and disposable income add to gross domestic output and help to create further employment opportunities. Given that each hotel room typically requires one member of staff, every hotel room built has the potential to create an additional job [1].
Furthermore, for every dollar spent by a guest in a hotel, one additional revenue dollar is generated for the community. Referred to as the ‘multiplier effect’, this concept is used by economists to explain how money spent by a hotel guest travels through a community to purchase the goods and services required to meet the guest’s needs. In the United States, for example, the multiplier effect is approximately two; that is, for every dollar spent by a guest in a hotel, one additional revenue dollar is generated across a wide range of businesses [2].
`Captive’ customers and database marketing, combined with modern information technology, provide the means for achieving these goals and measuring company achievement in unlocking the potential expenditure from customers. Information systems provide early warning of resorts and/or product types that are losing customer appeal while identifying others that are growing in popularity [3].
Eco-tourism system, good or bad, is shown by the state of health index. The comprehensive index is decided by the pressure index, state index and response index. “Pressure index” shows reasons that tourism ecosystem health took place deterioration, which is indicated with its abundant tourism resources, socio-economic development pressure and intensity of human activity. Status Index refers to the situation of the quality of the eco-tourism system under the current period, shown by the quality of eco-tourism environment, the level of tourism development, and environmental awareness of the tourists. Status is the result that we continually put pressure on our natural environment, which decides anti-interference ability and buffering capacity or ability to the pressures. In the face of the state of the tourism ecosystem under the pressure, we have to take some of the policies and measures, which is response index which is characterized by preferential policies and environmental protection efforts.
The issue of multi-objective decision-making, as well as specific analysis of the levels is established by the index system, using layer-analysis and expert investigation methods to determine weight of the indicators. After identifying tourism ecosystem health evaluation index system, actual development of regional tourism is combined through a great deal of statistical analysis of survey data, regional tourism of the ecosystem health index is calculated, is analyzed and ecosystem health status is predicted through appropriate antitheses of the tourism indicators and the health diagnosis of tourism ecosystem is carried out, and finally countermeasures are proposed[4].
Airspace industry: The aerospace division of Diamler-Benz (acronym DASA) was a company most would recognize as a member of the Airbus consortium. It was also involved in manufacturing military aircraft, as well as related fields. Today it is no longer a division of Diamler, which in July 2000 merged it into the new European Aeronautic Defense and Space Agency (EADS) with the French Aerospatiale Matra and the Spanish CASA.
While still at Diamler, DASA had an elaborate strategic early warning system with some classic German characteristics (highly analytical and systematic process of identifying risk, an attempt to put the world into a clearly defined, fully mapped, orderly system, and measure as much as possible. As expected, this engineering company’s strategic early warning system (SEWS) was extremely analytical. At the heart of its methodology for identification of risks was a unique “driver driven analysis”, an analysis of the main factors influencing the future along the lines of system dynamics[5]. Once the scanners reported remarkable changes on the most critical descriptors, the issue which was pertinent to a particular business unit, the notice went to a special evaluation committee in this business unit. On issues pertaining to corporate decisions, the reporting and monitoring were initiated within the corporate staff and the early warning team did the analysis[6].
As increasing urbanization is taking place worldwide, earthquake hazards post strong threats to lives and properties for urban areas near major active faults on land or subduction zones offshore. Earthquake early warning systems can be useful. At least three countries have earthquake early warning systems in operation: (1) Japan, (2) Mexico, and (3) Taiwan. These systems can provide a few seconds to several tens of seconds of warning for large earthquakes. More significantly, a properly upgraded seismic network can provide a shake map within minutes after a disastrous earthquake, so that loss estimation can be quickly assessed to aid disaster response and recovery[7].
References
[1] Olsen, M. D., 1995: Into the New Millennium: A White Paper on the Global Hospitality Industry. International Hotels &Restaurants Associations. France.
[2] Ibid
[3] Marketing in Travel and Tourism by Victor T. C. Middleton, Jackie Clarke; pg. 441
[4] FAN Qiumei, SUN Tieheng/Management Science and Engineering Vol.2 No.4 2008 59-65
[5] Early warning: Using competitive intelligence to anticipate..,Vol.2003 by Benjamin Gilad; Case study of CEW in Action; 184,185,186
[6] Early warning: Using competitive intelligence to anticipate..,Vol.2003 by Benjamin Gilad; Case study of CEW in Action; 188,189
[7] Earhquake Early Warning Systems: Current Status and Perspectives by Willy H. K. Lee, Juan Manuel Espinosa-Aranda./ Early Warning Systems for natural disaster reduction by Jochen Zschau, Andreas N. Kuppers.
Delinquency Prevention Program
Delinquency Prevention Program
(Author’s name)
(Institutional Affiliation)
Delinquency Prevention Program in the state of California
Youthful offenders in California up to the age of twenty five years are provided with treatment and education by the Division of Juvenile Justice. The program concerns itself with juvenile offenders with intense and criminal backgrounds, and who have extreme treatment needs. In the modern society, youth offenders are taken to various faculties in their communities in order to be close to their family. Also, the youth offenders need to access social and local services that will help them when being rehabilitated. The population represented by DJJ is quite low at one percent despite the fact that last year 225000 youth were arrested last year in California.
Treatment, vocational and academic programs are provided by the Division of Juvenile Justice. Furthermore it addresses medical care, mental health programs, substance abuse, sex offender behavior, criminogenic and violent behavior. The activities takes place in a secure and safe environment that is quite conducive for learning. The Alameda Superior Court is responsible for guiding the treatment plans as a result of the Farrell lawsuit settlement agreement. The youth offenders are assigned to live in houses based upon their specialized treatment needs, risk of institutional violence, gender and age. The youth in the different living units are housed in few numbers because of the limited staffing levels. This ensures that the youth receive effective rehabilitative and attention programming.
The DJJ has a framework that focuses on the Integrated Behavior Treatment Model. It has been specifically designed to reduce future criminal behavior as well institutional violence. It is intended to provide the youth with personal skills that will assist them in managing their environment much better. The staff at DJJ is from various professional fields and they work as teams to be fully aware of the youth’s needs. This in turn assists them to come up with a treatment program that is individualized to address the problems facing the youth offenders. The team collaborates with the youth in order to deliver a case plan that will take full advantage of the personal strength of the youth. Lastly, it seeks to administer treatment in the other areas in the life of the youth offender in order to ensure that they do not become repeat offenders.
The program being offered at DJJ has proven to be extremely successful in many ways. It has been able to operate as a school district that is fully accredited and provided the youth with high school education. Most of the youth have attended the education program and in turn some of them have become eligible for parole. In fact, since the year 2004, as many as 5632 youth offenders have achieved academic success. The education program aimed at the high school students has seen a 300 percent increase in the number of enrolled youth. At the same time, this has been taking place while the population at DJJ declined by at least 56 percent. The DJJ has also come up with a program whereby the youth raise butterflies in a habitat garden. This project has been effective in restoring the belief that the youth can change and have better lives.
In conclusion, the program at Division of Juvenile Justice is quite effective in many aspects. However, if there were some things that I would change about it would be increase the number and variety of activities the youth can participate in. Also, I would provide the youth with jobs that they would do while in the detention center. This would make them more productive once they are out of the program and in society.
Reference
California department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. (2013). Division of Juvenile Justice. Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Juvenile_Justice/index.html” http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Juvenile_Justice/index.html.
Delinquency Issue in Namibia
Delinquency Issue in Namibia
It is difficult to decide exactly which behaviors make up juvenile delinquency and identify who juvenile delinquents are for the reason that societal views of children change from place to place and over time. The age of the offender is the most essential factor in differentiating between crime and delinquency. One way to characterize juvenile delinquency is to locate the behavior of children on a series of four continua representing duration, frequency, priority and seriousness of the behavior. Discussed herein, with reference to Namibia, is of the fact that delinquency covers many aspect of unacceptable behavior (Belda 2007).
Discussion
One of the possible causes that can be associated with this is the country’s socio-economic circumstances. The overwhelming majority of delinquents in Namibia commit a few minor acts of delinquency on a consistent basis during their teenage years for the reason that they need to support themselves (Hirschi 2002). Some children may commit minor acts of delinquency and only one or more serious crimes in their later stage of development. These individuals usually demonstrate delinquent behavior to evade poverty and unequal social services.
According to Regoli et al. (2011), the most serious delinquents as identified by the Namibian government are known as Life-course persistent offenders. Within this category, delinquents engage in antisocial behavior of one sort or another at every stage of life. What’s more, this category is deeply committed to problematic behavior and has committed many serious offenses over an extended period. The individual within this setting is therefore regarded as a chronic delinquent offender.
The Namibian Government’s effort of putting to a stop delinquent behavior dates back to 1994, when a Legal Assistance Centre was established. On its part, the Legal Assistance Centre in association with the government tried to ensure that they engage their youth in useful ventures that will ensure that the youth are helped to engage in income generating activities through the exploration, realization and development of skill and talent. By so doing, the rate at which the youths engage in delinquent activities will reduce slowly but steadily (Tshiwula 2000).
Conclusion
The age of the offender is the most essential factor in differentiating between crime and delinquency. Life-course persistent offenders are the most serious delinquents as identified by the Namibian government. The Namibian Government’s effort of stopping delinquent behavior dates back to 1994, when a Legal Assistance Centre was established. The center guides, counsels as well as promote talents and skills of the youths thus creating self-employment.
References
Belda, P. (2007). Namibia. Madrid: Ebizguides.
Hirschi, T. (2002). Causes of delinquency. New Brunswick, N.J: Transaction Publishers.
Regoli, R. M., Hewitt, J. D., & DeLisi, M. (2011). Delinquency in society: The essentials. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
Tshiwula, L. (2000). Crime and delinquency in Namibia. Pretoria: Kagiso Publishers.