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Interview with Edwidge Danticat-video
Interview with Edwidge Danticat-video
In the video interview held at Miami which aimed at knowing more about the historical background Edwige Danticat and her writings, Danticat was born in Port-Au -Prince Haiti in 1965 where she lived with her aunt and extended family but later joined her parents living in Brooklyn, New York when she was aged 12 years. As a child, the most influential people were her parents, the main being her mother, and insist that her parents sacrifice lead to her future success and enable her and her siblings to good learning institutions. When still living in Haiti, she wrote her first short story “A Haitian-American Christmas: Crémace and Creole Theater.”
In New York, she faced some hard time to adapt and be accepted by the other kid, but dealt with it through reading and writing. She wrote her first newspaper article for The Youth Connection, and called the Haitian Christmas and went on writing articles all through high school. In most of her books, she wrote her personal experiences which influenced her. She claims to have her main themes like; immigration, contrasting culture, loss, and suffering. Over the years, her writings have been of different genres like essays, theses, short stories, novels, and works for young adults.
An Interview With Edwidge DanticatBy Jivin Misra In the Interview Edwidge Danticat by Jivin Misra held to discuss some of the elements in her writings, Danticat claims that she started writing “Children of the Sea” when she was an MFA learner at Brown University. When writing, she was focused on the structure and plot in her work; she insists that the story guided the writer to the structure of the work she is writing on, and the use of letters is the most relevant way to tell a story. In her book, she suggests that the woman is writing in a way that would not impose danger to her or her family in case the military authorities who ruled over their country found these letters and the man is writing as a person who at any time could die while at sea.
When writing Children of the Sea, she says she did not do too much research, and most of the information came from her interaction with people. She would listen to the testimonies of the people in church about their experiences. She researched without realizing she was doing it by gathering information from the past experiences of people. She claims that what makes a story a story is that no matter the length, character or other elements; doing what the writer feels like doing and thinks is important for the story is the most important thing
MALCOD081801-Coding Script
Interview Extract Codes
“Compared with my family, I communicate more with my friends. There is basically no difference in the way I communicate with them. At home, I mostly communicate face-to-face with my family members. Unless I’m not in a space, I will use WeChat or make a phone call. After I have WeChat, I don’t think the time of our face-to-face communication has changed.” Communication
Intimacy in communication
Face-to-face communication
Social media
Traditional communication
Relationships
Benefits of social media
“There are three groups about the family, my father, mother, and me, and some uncles and aunts. There is also a WeChat group with only me, my dad and my mom, this group does not have my brother, but only me and my parents. These groups are about the same level of activity, and sometimes what parents post is not interesting. I don’t know how to get involved. Or sometimes post some videos or moments, of course I don’t want to watch it.” Family communication
Group communication
Social media
Intimacy in communication
Traditional communication
Disconnect
Inauthentic communication
Relationships
Benefits of social media
“WeChat is very important to my life. It’s basically how I keep in touch with my family and friends back home. I use WeChat to contact almost everyone around me every day, including my Chinese friends in the UK. I may open WeChat dozens of times a day, and it is normal to get hundreds of messages. I must use WeChat every day, it has become my daily habit. I mainly use WeChat communicate with others, I used to read the official account articles, but now it may be less.”
Communication
Technology
Family communication
Relationships
Benefits of social media
“Online communication can’t control the other’s emotions and tone of speech in a timely manner, and you can’t feel the true mood of the other person. Through text, you may misunderstand the other person’s current mood or tone. Face-to-face communication can more intuitively feel the mood and tone of the other party’s words. When I communicate with my family, I think offline is more effective. Because I am more indifferent to my family online, and sometimes I find my family members very annoying, so I sometimes don’t even reply to their message. But online and offline I treat my friends the same.” Drawbacks of using social media
Disconnect
Face-to-face communication
Relationships
Traditional communication
Technology
Exhibit 1: Interview Extracts and Codes
Codes Theme
Traditional communication
Benefits of social media Traditional familial connections
Communication
Intimacy in communication
Face-to-face communication
Relationships
Family communication
Relationship building
Social media
Traditional communication
Group communication
Disconnect
Inauthentic communication
Technology
Drawbacks of using social media Inability to connect authentically
Exhibit 2: Codes and themes
Intervention, Planning, and Execution of Increasing Lifespan of Autism
Intervention, Planning, and Execution of Increasing Lifespan of Autism Patients
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Professor’s Name
Course
Date
Intervention, Planning, and Execution of Increasing Lifespan of Autism Patients
Introduction
The life span of an individual with autism has shown a tremendous decrease according to the world health statistical data. Majorly, a person with autism dies twenty to thirty years earlier than their peers due to increased development of social and communication disorders. The disorders inhibit the ability of individual patients to show and express their emotions hence leading to the development of stress and traumatic disorders. Notably, the symptoms that characterize the individual with autism get based on the difficulty in communication and social interaction, repetitive behaviors, and obsessive interest (Bernardini & Porayska-Pomsta, 2013). Moreover, the causes of autism include genetic mutation, birth from the older parents, imbalance of the metabolism, exposure to environmental toxins and heavy metals, and viral infections. As such, the paper is premised on describing the steps and methods of specific approaches to intervention, execution, and planning and their adoption to increase the lifespan of individuals suffering from autism.
Behavioral Steps and methods of Intervention in the Lifespan of Autism Patients
Methods
Applied Behavior Analysis creates a framework through which an individual living with autism can increase their lifespan. The analysis changes the behavior of an individual patient using the empirical approaches that involve operant and respondent conditioning approaches. As such, there exist three methods of behavioral approaches.
Rewarding good behaviors
Rewarding good behavior makes an individual exhibit desirable characteristics that create happiness. Happiness increases some level of social interaction with friends and family members (Hume et al., 2022). Notably, when good behavior rewards get applied to children, they become more likely to repeat the same behavior thereby increasing their lifespan through the reduction of traumatic disorders, stress, and anxiety.
The use of Observation Tools
The observation tool exhibited by the applied behavior analysis involves the use of antecedents that characterizes the actions and events which happen before the behavior. Also, behavioral understanding results from the antecedents (Hume et al., 2022). Consequently, the behavioral evection of the consequences that helps in the reduction of the traumatic disorders creates a path through which the lifespan increases through increased interaction, communication, and happiness.
Modification of the Antecedents
Modifying the antecedents creates the target behavior. The positive behavior, therefore, forms the basis of the desired consequences. As such, increased action as per the positive behavior creates inclusivity that reduces the possible occurrence of stress and anxiety.
The steps of Behavioral Intervention
The steps involve the use of behavioral management therapy that reinforces the wanted behaviors aimed at the reduction of unwanted behaviors. The therapy creates a framework through which the caregivers can follow before, during, between, and after the episode of the challenge. Also, the therapy involves the use of applied behavior analysis that tracks the progress for the improvement of skills to reduce the symptoms hence increasing the lifespan. The first step gets based on using the positive behavior and support that examine why an individual exhibit a particular unwanted behavior. Using positive behavior and support creates appropriate behavior (Hume et al., 2022). Consequently, pivotal response training becomes the second step that involves motivation and increased communication initiatives. It helps in making an individual learn new skills in dealing with the situation. Thirdly, the early intensive behavioral intervention involves the creation of large commitment time through the group’s instructions. Lastly, the discrete trial teaching creates steps through which an individual caregiver can use the positive feedback in encouraging the use of new skills.
Methods of social interventions
Social intervention involves the use of social skills to reduce the stress and trauma exhibited by individuals suffering from autism. The methods of intervention, therefore, get based on reinforcing and celebrating strength through the use of positive behavior. Also, modeling the structured behavior and practices creates the determination of the desired conduct (Hume et al., 2022). Talking through the possible social scenarios creates a sense of belonging hence reducing the stress and traumatic disorders. Another motive gets based on setting the environmental success.
Steps
Steps involve giving advanced notice before the transition. Secondly, the use of visual support enables the patient to identify the mistakes. Also, the use of structure and consistency creates a path through which rapid social learning gets exhibited (Hume et al., 2022). The application of reduced language enables the patient to feel accepted in society. Lastly, the provision of light praises for the good transition enables the patient to handle the challenges effectively for positive gain.
Academic/ Vocational
Methods
The immediate method involves the eradication of sensory overloads. The story overloads like the bright light, sounds, and smell increases the distraction of the patients. Also, the use of visual aids enables an individual with autism to learn extensively and act in accordance with the required behavior (Usta & Yazici, 2020). The teacher or the mentor should become predictable to enable the patient to extensively learn through the avoidance of the traumatic behavior. The mentor should continue to use concrete language in teaching direct social skills. Furthermore, the teacher should treat an individual patient or student equally hence reducing the possibility of stress generation.
Steps of Vocational Intervention
The step involves the use of a visual reality system to identify the disorder’s symptoms. After the system, the teacher should follow up on the behavioral changes exhibited by an individual client or student. Follow-up enables the teacher to identify the progress of improvement of all the trained skills (Usta & Yazici, 2020). Lastly, the teacher should provide alternative practical training where the result showed dismal performance.
Execution and Planning and their adoption to increase the Lifespan
Behavioral methods and steps in Execution and planning
Understanding the daily business and challenges enables an individual autism patient to have an in-depth overview of any events and environmental challenges. Also, the individual should insist on realism to enable the patient subsequently learn the desired behaviors (Hume et al., 2022). The patient should get taught to avoid procrastination by setting the goals and priorities hence increasing the lifespan through stress reduction and social acceptance. Following through continues to enable the patient to feel accepted within the society. Lastly, rewarding the doers is a behavioral execution that enables the patient to act positively awaiting the reward.
Social methods and steps in Execution and Planning
Social planning involves expanding and enhancing the development of an individual’s expression and communication system. Developing communication and expression skills involves planning for the best approaches to communication that are inclusive of the contact of any rising argument or information transfer hence capable of increasing the lifespan through the reduction of the stress (Graham Holmes et al., 2020). Alsop, supporting the individual understanding of the language involves execution which is planned through the use of both the verbal and non-verbal cues of communication to eradicate the possibilities of misunderstanding. Accommodating an individual performance on the predictability and structure is an execution that gets planned through an in-depth focus on initiation, predictability, and spontaneity.
Vocational strategies for the Execution and Planning
Vocational execution involves the use of appropriate criteria for handling cases of autism through planning strategies (Bernardini & Porayska-Pomsta, 2013). It also entails coordinating and sharing the attention through emotional expression. Emotional expression is planned through engagement in the reciprocal social interaction using gestures, words, and the ability to use the non-verbal cues in creating happiness hence expanding the lifespan of an individual autism patient.
Conclusion
Autism patient requires social, behavioral, and educational support for their survival in an environment. Provision of support enables the patient to reduce the symptoms like stress, anxiety, and other disorders hence liable to increasing their lifespan within an environment. Notably, the procedures and steps must get followed by a mentor, teacher, or a tutor in enhancing the social inclusivity of the patient within the environment.
References
Bernardini, S., & Porayska-Pomsta, K. (2013, June). Planning-based social partners for children with autism. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (Vol. 23, pp. 362-370). https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/ICAPS/article/view/13591Graham Holmes, L., Zampella, C. J., Clements, C., McCleery, J. P., Maddox, B. B., Parish‐Morris, J., … & Miller, J. S. (2020). A Lifespan Approach to Patient‐Reported Outcomes and Quality of Life for People on the Autism Spectrum. Autism Research, 13(6), 970-987. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/aur.2275Usta, M. B., & Yazici, D. N. (2020). Review of the Educational Intervention Models for Autism Spectrum Disorders/Otizm Spektrum Bozuklugunda Egitsel Modellerin Gozden Gecirilmesi. Turkish Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 27(3), 134-140.
Hume, K., Odom, S. L., Steinbrenner, J. R., Smith DaWalt, L., Hall, L. J., Kraemer, B., … & Bolt, D. M. (2022). Efficacy of a school-based comprehensive intervention program for adolescents with autism. Exceptional Children, 88(2), 223-240. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00144029211062589