Recent orders
the cold war was considered a state of political and military instability between the west
Cold war
Name:
Course
Tutor
Date
Roughly dated between the years 1947 and 1991, the cold war was considered a state of political and military instability between the west (United States of America and its allies) and the east (Soviet Union and its allies) (Maus, 2003). The war arose after the end of the World War where both the United States and the Soviet Union formed an alliance to defeat the Nazi German; after the victory they were left as two politically and economically stable powers. The cold war rose as a result of the tension between the Soviet Union and the United States.
The war was characterised by indirect and psychological attacks between the two super powers with each hitting the others allies; both groups possessed highly destructive ammunition so both were mutually assured of destruction. Over the decades the three super powers fought for Germany with America’s then standing President Truman hoped that the Soviet Union would give up but until the 1980s Germany was divided into four occupation zones (Isbouts, 1999). Three were controlled by the west with the help of France and Great Britain while the Eastern side was controlled by Moscow communists.
The American government feared slow communism progression so it came up with a policy known as the containment policy. The main objective of the containment policy was to ensure that the Soviet Union operated only among its territory not beyond. This policy was developed by America’s Ambassador in the Soviet Union known as George Kennan. Another policy that was developed was the democracy policy which President Harry Truman came up with during a Congress meeting (Beacham, 2004). The policy advocated for democracy and it supported that the majorities’ opinion ruled over the minorities’. The democracy policy was America’s main strategy and objective as the Cold War developed over the years.
Apart from President Truman, other U.S.A presidents presided over the Cold War, President Harry Truman was the first President to take America through the Cold War and the Korean War, and he gave the order for an atomic bomb attack. In 1952 the United States citizens chose Dwight D. Eisenhower, a former military leader who safely drove the democratic world through the Cold War and he managed to make peace with Korea. He managed to steer America through eight years of peace and prosperity during the 20th century. In the cold war he had the opinion that the home was the strength of the country, dynamic conservatism was xhis economic approach in which conservative was aligned with money while freedom was aligned to human beings. Throughout his reign there was peace in the United States. President John F. Kennedy drove an unsuccessful CIA ship borne operation through the Cold War. President Richard Nixon tried to take control of the Cold War by trying to improve the relations between the United States and its two communist opponents, China and the Soviet Union. President Nixon’s Government took the advantage of drawing in China to be its ally in the process hoping that the Soviet Union would also join hands; as anticipated relations with the Soviet Union improved (Maus, 2003).
With each presidents approach, these approaches had an impact in the foreign policy between the U.S and other nations, this lead to a series of downfalls and improvements in the economy, with President Truman’s policy people were able to freely invest hence improving the economy and its ally nations were able to freely do trade. While Nixon also improved the countries international relations with the other super power Nations hence reducing destruction and nuclear war. President Eisenhower managed to steer the country through prosperity and peace for Eight years which lead to great improvement of the economy.
Protests against the Vietnam War lead to the coming up of Sit Ins which was made up of groups of Hippies around American Universities. Hippies though a minority became a huge influence in the American culture; in music, dress and lifestyle. They advocated for a life free from violence and the struggles of the modern life, they formed groups that promoted peace love and drugs. They formed groups that shared what they hard, all as one big family.
These were the impacts that the cold war had on the American people and the economy and through the years the Cold War could be concluded to be a brutal era in the world but one that lead to the development of different things that were advantageous to the economy and the people but to some extent such as the hippie culture, had a negative impact.
References:
Beacham, T. Gilmartin, B., Grobman, S, Ling, C., & Rhee, V. (Producers), Libretto, J. (Director). (2004). Let freedom ring: Moments from the civil rights movement, 1954-1965 [News program]. New York, NY: NBC Universal
Isbouts, J., & Johnson, B. D. (Writers), & Johnson, B. D. (Director). (1999). Superpowers collide [Television series episode]. In J. Florescu, J. Isbouts, & B. D. Johnson (Executive producers), Inside the Cold War with Sir David Frost. Los Angeles, CA: Porchlight Entertainment
Maus, D. C (2003). The Cold War. San Diego: Greenhaven Press.
the cocacola company
Coca-Cola Company
Student’s Name:
Instructor’s Name:
Course Name:
Course Number:
Institution:
Date:
Coca-Cola Company
The Coca-Cola Company is an American company with multiple branches worldwide making it a multinational beverage corporation, manufacturer, retailer and marketer of nonalcoholic beverage syrups and concentrates. Coca-Cola is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia and is famous for its product Coca-Cola which was introduced in 1886. Coca-Cola was introduced by a pharmacist John Smith Pembert in 1886. In 1889 the Coca-Cola formula was introduced by Asa Griggs Candler who later incorporated the company. Since 1889 Coca-Cola has operated a franchise business or distribution system. The company was incorporated on 5 September, 1919. This company is own licenses to market more than 500 brands on non-alcoholic beverages. These beverages include a variety of sparkling beverages, juices, drinks and enhanced waters. Along with the above brands, the company owns a market range of non-alcoholic sparkling brands of beverages which are the Coca-Cola itself, Fanta, diet coke and sprite. Coca-Cola is listed in NYSE and is part of DJIA, S&P 500 index. The reigning Coca-Cola chairman is Mr. Muhtar Kent. As at December 2013, Coca-Cola had a total of 130,600 employees. Coca-Cola is a multinational company with branches and sub-branches all over the world. Its segments are Eurasia and Africa, Latin America, Europe, North America, Pacific, Bottling investments and Corporate. The company is characterized with great achievements and success with the recent achievements being the acquisition of the Great Plains Coca-Cola Bottling Company in the Great Plains of the Unites States in December 30, 2011. It also acquired the remaining interest in Honest Tea, Inc, and Great Plains in the year ended December 31, 2011. CITATION Dab13 l 1033 (Dabbagh, 2013) Other achievements are the acquisition of the additional interests in Coca-Cola Central Japan Company in the central district of Japan in December 2011. Other acquisitions were in September 2012 when it acquired an estimated 50 % equity of Aujan Industries’ business of beverages. That was followed by the announcements of Sacramento Coca-Cola Bottling Company that it had been fully acquired by the company in January 2013 and from February 22, 2013 the company acquired interest in Fresh Trading Company Ltd. It also acquired the ownership interest in ZICO beverages LLC in November 2013.
Coca-Cola manufactures markets and sells the concentrates of beverages. These are also known as syrups, bases which include fountain syrups still beverages which are finished sparkling. There are also bottling partners who buy the concentrates for fountain beverages. Coca-Cola sells many sparkling beverages like juices drinks, juices, sport drinks, energy drinks, teas and coffee of ready to drink nature, and specific water products. These are always sold to the retailers and distributors, bottling partners, and wholesalers who the n are tasked with distributing them to the retailers. This is always done outside United States. In the US, the company sells the fountain syrups to fountain retailers after manufacturing them. These retailers may include restaurants and large convenient stores that are capable of producing beverages for immediate consumption out of the fountain syrups. It also sells to its bottling partners that are tasked with reselling the syrups to the retailers and also some authorized fountain Wholesalers. CITATION Dab13 l 1033 (Dabbagh, 2013)
In the Latin American countries like Brazil, the company, Coca-Cola manufactures markets and sells brands like Leao/ Matte Leao teas. It however does so in a joint venture with its bottling partners. The year 2011 saw the company increase its sales in the Latin American countries when it introduced a variety of Brands, Brand extensions, and Beverage products. Brands such as Frigos Sabores Caserao were introduces. In the Pacific Fanta which is a sparkling fruit flavored beverage was introduced especially in Malaysia and Singapore. In Vietnam there was an introduction of Real Leaf which was a green tea based beverage. There was also introduction of the three flavor variant of the Georgia Emerald Mountain Ready to drink coffee Beverage and Burn Intense in South Korea. Powerade was launched by the Europe group in Norway, Denmark, France, and Sweden. Other brands that were launched were Cappy pulpy in Turkey and Fanta Powder in India by the Eurasia Group. In the East African market the company launched soft drinks like Schweppes Novida, and Malta drink. There was also introduction of cappy fruit bite in Egypt and Schweppes Gold Malta drink in Ghana. With the introduction of this major brand across the world the company was able to make approximate sales of 26.7 billion unit cases for its products.
The core products of the company are sparkling beverages such as the famous Coca-Cola, Fanta, Sprite, diet coke, among others. The company waters are Dasani, ice dew, Ciel among others.
Coca-Cola Company is in direct competition with Pepsi Company Inc, Nestle, Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Groupe Danone, Uniliver and Kraft Foods among others. Pepsi Co is the company’s major competitor within the beverage and food space. Coca-Cola is an unmatched global leader in its industry with a total of 500 carbonated and non-carbonated beverages. It has a global bottling operations and distribution channels worldwide. Coca-Cola and Pepsi have for years been engaged in rivalry over the market share as well as brand recognition. Pepsi on the other hand has the following advantages and strengths over the Coca-Cola Company: it has a consistent track record of balanced revenue generation and reinvesting in brands it also enjoys strong brand recognition as it is the number two player in the global beverage industry and a global leader in Salty snacks. This can be seen by its ownership of the two wellness and health brands, the famous Tropicana and Gatorade. Another advantage that the company has over its rival the Coca-Cola is the ability to sell both snacks and beverages that are complements in the food category. Pepsi is a threat to the Coca-Cola because of its operation in Canada, Russia, Mexico, and the United Kingdom. It also has very strong and emerging markets of like India, and China. There is huge role in the company’s played by product innovation. This can be seen through the regular creation of flavors from the existing products as well as maintenance of robust pipeline of the products. However the company’s North American market has been showing sluggish results because of the rising costs of raw materials which hurt the company’s margins.
COCA-COLA BOTTLING CO. CONSOLIDATED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
In Thousands (Except Share Data)
Dec. 29,2013 Dec. 30,2012
ASSETS
Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 11,761 $ 10,399
Accounts receivable, trade, less allowance for doubtful accountsof $1,401 and $1,490, respectively 105,610 103,524
Accounts receivable from The Coca-Cola Company 17,849 15,521
Accounts receivable, other 15,136 12,876
Inventories 61,987 65,924
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 26,872 33,068
Total current assets 239,215 241,312
Property, plant and equipment, net 302,998 307,467
Leased property under capital leases, net 48,981 54,150
Other assets 58,560 53,801
Franchise rights 520,672 520,672
Goodwill 102,049 102,049
Other identifiable intangible assets, net 3,681 4,023
Total assets $ 1,276,156 $ 1,283,474
COCA-COLA BOTTLING CO. CONSOLIDATED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
Dec. 29,2013 Dec. 30,2012
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities: Current portion of debt $ 20,000 $ 20,000
Current portion of obligations under capital leases 5,939 5,230
Accounts payable, trade 43,579 51,651
Accounts payable to The Coca-Cola Company 25,869 27,830
Other accrued liabilities 77,622 75,113
Accrued compensation 31,753 32,428
Accrued interest payable 4,054 4,060
Total current liabilities 208,816 216,312
Deferred income taxes 153,408 140,965
Pension and postretirement benefit obligations 90,599 140,719
Other liabilities 125,791 118,303
Obligations under capital leases 59,050 64,351
Long-term debt 378,566 403,386
Total liabilities 1,016,230 1,084,036
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 13) Equity: Convertible Preferred Stock, $100.00 par value:Authorized-50,000 shares; Issued-None Nonconvertible Preferred Stock, $100.00 par value:Authorized-50,000 shares; Issued-None Preferred Stock, $.01 par value:Authorized-20,000,000 shares; Issued-None Common Stock, $1.00 par value:Authorized-30,000,000 shares; Issued-10,203,821 shares 10,204 10,204
Class B Common Stock, $1.00 par value:Authorized-10,000,000 shares; Issued-2,737,076 and 2,716,956 shares, respectively 2,735 2,715
Class C Common Stock, $1.00 par value:Authorized-20,000,000 shares; Issued-None Capital in excess of par value 108,942 107,681
Retained earnings 188,869 170,439
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (58,176 ) (94,526 )
252,574 196,513
Less-Treasury stock, at cost: Common Stock-3,062,374 shares 60,845 60,845
Class B Common Stock-628,114 shares 409 409
Total equity of Coca-Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated 191,320 135,259
Non-controlling interest 68,606 64,179
Total equity 259,926 199,438
Total liabilities and equity $ 1,276,156 $ 1,283,474
Consolidated Balance Sheet
PepsiCo, Inc. and Subsidiaries
December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012
(in millions except per share amounts)
2013 2012 ASSETS
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents $ 9,375 $ 6,297 Short-term investments 303 322 Accounts and notes receivable, net 6,954 7,041 Inventories 3,409 3,581 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 2,162 1,479 Total Current Assets 22,203 18,720 Property, Plant and Equipment, net 18,575 19,136 Amortizable Intangible Assets, net 1,638 1,781 Goodwill 16,613 16,971 Other nonamortizable intangible assets 14,401 14,744 Nonamortizable Intangible Assets 31,014 31,715 Investments in Noncontrolled Affiliates 1,841 1,633 Other Assets 2,207 1,653 Total Assets $ 77,478 $ 74,638
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current Liabilities
Short-term obligations $ 5,306 $ 4,815 Accounts payable and other current liabilities 12,533 11,903 Income taxes payable — 371 Total Current Liabilities 17,839 17,089 Long-Term Debt Obligations 24,333 23,544 Other Liabilities 4,931 6,543 Deferred Income Taxes 5,986 5,063 Total Liabilities 53,089 52,239 Commitments and contingencies Preferred Stock, no par value 41 41 Repurchased Preferred Stock (171 ) (164 )
PepsiCo Common Shareholders’ Equity
Common stock, par value 12/3¢ per share (authorized 3,600 shares, issued, net of repurchased common stock at par value: 1,529 and 1,544 shares, respectively) 25 26 Capital in excess of par value 4,095 4,178 Retained earnings 46,420 43,158 Accumulated other comprehensive loss (5,127 ) (5,487 )
Repurchased common stock, in excess of par value (337 and 322 shares, respectively) (21,004 ) (19,458 )
Total PepsiCo Common Shareholders’ Equity 24,409 22,417 Noncontrolling interests 110 105 Total Equity 24,389 22,399 Total Liabilities and Equity $ 77,478 $ 74,638 (Penzkofer, 2013)
Bothe companies looks financially sound with good profit margins. Coca-Cola is showing much more improved margins than the Pepsi. However its revenues are showing decreasing trends which calls for action. The company should be more concerned in increasing its revenues and decreasing its debts. Pepsi on the other hand is showing decreasing liabilities which is a good gesture. Its revenues are also decreasing but at a very slight level and therefore acts as a wakeup call for the company to increase on its revenues. The total debts of Pepsi is decreasing and that
Given the above information and the recent management of Pepsi and Coca-Cola company, we can dig into the absolute performance of the companies. The following graphs can help explain the position of the Pepsi Co, inc. and Coca-Cola Company (McGowan,2014).
From the chat, we can clearly see that Coca-Cola’s performance outstrips the performance of Pepsi by over 30%. This performance is as a result of the investment community concern towards the change in Pepsi’s corporate strategy towards health, wellness awareness that is enthusiasm for the company and looks to be unfounded.( Zach Investment Research)
It is not something new unique that Pepsi has been on the rise and winning the war against Coca-Cola in the New York Stock Exchange. However individuals are still clinging towards Coca-Cola when purchasing. People think that there is something else entirely to Pepsi than to Cola. Pepsi has also gained customer loyalty with many seeing only Pepsi on the shelves. With a combination of Beverage and Snack business, Pepsi is definitely a force to closely watch.
Fortunately for PepsiCo, more than 40% of its incomes originated from salt not sugar based things. Snacks promoted under Frito-Lay brands represent more than 60% of American salty nibble utilization. The organization likewise has Good-For-You and Better-For-You portfolios with lower fat and expanded nourishment alternatives that incorporate a few Quaker brands sustenance for wellbeing clients. According to Yahoo finance, with return of about 19% not long from now, PepsiCo’s profits have bested Coca-Cola’s 9% year-to-date execution. At that point it was reported that restaurant network Buffalo Wild Wings has exchanged beverage suppliers from Coca-Cola to Pepsi, planning to profit from the letters’ ties with the National Football League and Major League Baseball.
According to the recent surveys and the market trend in beverage industry in north America and as local deals slip and shimmering refreshments neglect to develop, Coca-Cola knows it has an issue and has even thought of an answer. Yet as shares sink lower, speculators appear unconvinced the drink behemoth’s arrangement is sufficient.
The Coca-Cola Company reported $12 billion in second from last quarter income, level from the same period a year ago. Joined with deals decreases in the initial two quarters of the year the organization’s year-to-date income is down 2%. Net wage for the quarter came in at $2.1 billion, down an astounding 14% from a year ago. At 48 pennies, profit every offer were 6 pennies underneath the year earlier outcomes and 4 pennies short of Wall Street examiners’ accord gauge.
In light of difficulties at home and in key business lines Coca-Cola reported a development arrangement Tuesday morning. In a different proclamation CEO Muhtar Kent said, “We have investigated our advancement to date and understand that while the methods we laid out toward the start of the year are on the whole correct, the extension and pace of our activities must increment. Notwithstanding reporting an extended gainfulness program, we are streamlining our operations and further adjusting our motivation arrangements to convey against our development targets.”
The arrangement incorporates an improved working model with a more prominent concentrate on nearby markets, going for $3 billion in “annualized funds” every year by 2019 and additionally refranchising most organization claimed North American packaging domains before the end of 2017 and an a significant number of the remaining regions by 2020. The organization will likewise recharge its emphasis on showcasing and will include income as a metric in its motivator arrangement (yahoo finance)
In light of difficulties at home and in key business lines Coca-Cola reported a development arrangement Tuesday morning. In a different proclamation CEO Muhtar Kent said, “We have investigated our advancement to date and understand that while the methods we laid out toward the start of the year are on the whole correct, the extension and pace of our activities must increment. Notwithstanding reporting an extended gainfulness program, we are streamlining our operations and further adjusting our motivation arrangements to convey against our development targets.”
The arrangement incorporates an improved working model with a more prominent concentrate on nearby markets, going for $3 billion in “annualized funds” every year by 2019 and additionally refranchising most organization claimed North American packaging domains before the end of 2017 and an a significant number of the remaining regions by 2020. The organization will likewise recharge its emphasis on showcasing and will include income as a metric in its motivator arrangement.
The unit case volume went up 1% for the quarter. The volumes in North America declined with 1% even with the 1% growth of International volume in the quarter, volume. A 5% decrease in unit case volume in Europe was somewhat balanced by 5% development in Eurasia and Africa, making it clear that a great part of the organization’s battles lie in created markets. General still drink volume was up 2% in the quarter, tea contributed 4% and both water and caffeinated beverages volume on an upward shift 7%. Shimmering drink volume was level for the quarter (Healy 2012).
References
Zach Investment Research
Dabbagh, A., Heidary Moghadam, A., Naderi, S., & Hamdi, M. (2013). A study on the effect of coke particle size on the thermal profile of the sinters produced in Esfahan Steel Company (ESCO). Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 113(12), 941-945.
Penzkofer, A. (2007). The Market of Pepsi/PepsiCo. Berlin: GRIN Verlag.
McGowan, C. (2014). The Fundamentals of Financial Statement Analysis as Applied to the Coca-Cola Company. Business Expert Press.
Healy, P., & Palepu, K. (2012). Business Analysis Valuation: Using Financial Statements. Cengage Learning.
Journal Entry Questions Fall 2020 – Spring 2021
CMST 2010 – Journal Entry Questions
Fall 2020 – Spring 2021
For each Journal Entry, you will choose a chapter theory and discuss this theory using ALL of the prompts below. You are expected to address each aspect of the prompts for full credit. Please look at the grading scale and examples sheet for more information. You can expect your response to be 3 paragraphs at a minimum.
Please identify WHICH chapter you have chosen for your Journal Entry. Failure to do so, will result in a half point deduction on your Journal Grade.
Define the theory from the chapter in your words. Do NOT quote from the book.
Give a personal Interpersonal Communication-based example or story of this theory in action. Focus on the communication between you are the relationship partner. Make sure to give me details so I can imagine what it would be like if I was there and watching your communication. Think about this as a script, dialogue can help.
Discuss how the theory helps to explain what happened in your story/example. Does the example follow what the theory suggests or does the example go against the theory?
Discuss how Culture and Gender influences Interpersonal Communication and how these issues work within your story.
Discuss how this story helps explain how communication helps us build and maintain interpersonal relationships.
Chapter 1
Discuss Communication Competence and what effect it has on our communication as we work to use interpersonal communication to build and maintain relationships.
Chapter 2
Discuss how we share our self through self-disclosure, using the Johari Window, including how the communication we use to share our relational self helps us build and maintain relationships.
Chapter 3
Discuss how we form impressions of others, including Gestalts and stereotypes. Explain what we can do to be more responsible using perceptions as we begin and maintain relationships.
Chapter 4
Discuss emotional challenges that influence the communication we use to build and maintain interpersonal relationships. Explain how we can communicate more effectively when these challenges come up in relationships.
Chapter 5
Discuss the cultural influences on communication and how knowledge of these influences helps you be more interculturally competence when communicating in relationships.
Chapter 6
Discuss the definition of gender and how gender influences communication. Explain what role gender plays in building and maintaining relationships.
Chapter 7
Discuss the 5 functions of listening and how improving our listening skills helps develop more competent communication as we build and maintain relationships.
Chapter 8
Discuss cooperative verbal communication and how to overcome the barriers to cooperative listening so that communication is more effective in building and maintaining relationships.
Chapter 9
Discuss the functions of nonverbal communication and explain how competent nonverbal communication helps to build and maintain relationships.
Chapter 10
Discuss the 5 ways to handle conflicts and what role communication plays in each way. Explain why the communication in conflict management is important when building and maintaining relationships.
Chapter 11
Discuss the different types romantic attraction and how communication plays a role in each attraction type. Explain how the communication during attraction has an effect on the building and maintaining of relationships.
Chapter 12
Discuss how we communicate in families and the family communication patterns. Explain how this communication helps to maintain and adapt family relationships over time.
Chapter 13
Discuss the types of friendships and how communication works in each type. Explain how we use communication to overcome the communication challenges in friendships.
Chapter 14
Discuss peer and mixed-status relationships in the workplace. Explain how we use communication to build and maintain these relationships and how we use communication to overcome workplace relationship challenges.