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Soliloquies used by Iago in Othello
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Soliloquies used by Iago in Othello
Iago is a well known character in the play Othello, and he is a character that attracts a lot of attention. He has a deep hate for Othello and is often heard talking about what he intends to do to him. His motives and intentions for the evil and malicious acts he regularly performs are realized through his soliloquies. The audience is able to fully understand what Iago thinks about, in a clear manner (Shakespeare 1032). This paper seeks to give a critical analysis of how the soliloquies used by Iago are a representation of his real character.
The first soliloquy takes place upon the departure of Othello from Cyprus. It is here that Iago says that “And it is thought abroad, that ‘txit my sheets/ He has done my office” (1.3.388-389). From the statement it is evident that ‘abroad’ refers to everywhere. Also, the term ‘my office’, which is a function refers to the fact that Othello had sex with Iago’s wife in between his sheets. According to Iago, no one can deny the fact that everyone is right when they are talking about the scandal that is going on. People are claiming that Othello is sleeping around with Iago’s wife. However, when the play continues, the truth is revealed and there is no relationship between his wife and Othello (Zender 323). The two have no interest in each other, but Iago continues to lie because of his own selfish reasons. The truth does not matter to him because he does not change the attitude he has towards Othello.
Iago is a complex character to the point whereby, the audience cannot understand him well. The other characters believe that he is a trustworthy and honest character. However, after the soliloquy, his true character is revealed. Iago says that “Thus do I ever make my fool my purse, For I mine own gained knowledge should profane, if I would time expend with such snipe, but for my sport and profit” (1.3.386). The lines clearly prove that he does not intend to waste his time with a character such as Roderigo whom he considers to be a fool. The only reason why he associates with Roderigo is because of his own profit and gain (Shakespeare 1049). He is lucky enough to gain from the relationship because he takes advantage of others without caring about them.
The audience becomes aware of Iago’s nature and even refers to him as ‘Honest Iago’. On the other hand, the other characters in the play have no idea about his evil side. This can be seen in another soliloquy in Act I Scene 3 when Iago claims that “I hate Moor” (1.3.386). He keeps on repeating the sentence during the initial acts of the play. He has the vast hatred because he might be a racist. Iago keeps on using terms that are derogative when referring to Othello with words such as ‘old black rum’, ‘devil’ and ‘Barbary Horse’. Also, the fact that Cassio was given a better position than him by Othello is another reason for him using the word. In reality, the Moors are known to be honest and good people who do nothing but good (Zender 325). It is thus evident that Iago’s nature, as well as his words are those of an evil person pretending to be good natured.
Work Cited
Bevington, David. The Necessary Shakespeare. New York: Pearson Education, Inc, 2004.Print.
Zender, Karl. “The Humiliation of Iago”. Studies in English Literature 34 (1994):323-330.
Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Othello. Literature Approaches to Fiction, Poetry and Drama. Boston: McGraw Hill, 2006. 1012-1095.
Name an aspect of your life that is directly influenced by a public organization and identify whether this influence is a res
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Political Science
Name an aspect of your life that is directly influenced by a public organization and identify whether this influence is a responsibility of the federal government or a provincial/territorial, local/ band level of government.
Answer: There are many activities that take place where I live in the Nova Scotia area. In fact, at times I fall sick and I have to obtain the services of a doctor. Since the cost of health is extremely high in private health institutions, I have to find ways of obtaining cheap treatment and medication. Therefore, I go to one the many public hospitals in Nova Scotia where the services offered are affordable. The hospitals are funded by the federal government as part of its plan to ensure that Canadian citizens have access to health care (Francis 34). The nurses, doctors and all the other people working in the hospitals are paid by the federal government. Also, the drugs at the hospital are sometimes given by other countries that have relations with Canada. However, not everyone in Nova Scotia can afford to go to the public hospitals. Since my health is a priority in my life, I am aware that I have to invest in a good healthcare provider. At the moment, it is only a public hospital that can do that for me. The federal government should find ways of ensuring that its hospitals provide high quality and affordable services to everyone. The public is a concern of the government in every way possible (Francis 75). For example, the homeless often do not have the privilege of acquiring services from the hospitals. This is despite the fact that the hospitals are cheap and accessible. This is a problem that is affecting the public health system and it needs to be addressed as soon as possible. Therefore, the federal government should put more funds aside to be used to improve the health care system in Canada and especially in Nova Scotia.
What kinds of input should senior public servants be allowed in the development of public policy choices?
Answer: There is a lot that is being done to ensure that the senior public servants in Nova Scotia engage in developing public policy choices. Seniors serve in various public organizations, as well as in the community and the government. They have a right to participate in making public policy decisions just like any other citizen. The government should ensure that senior public servants become well informed about the various policies that exist. Furthermore, they should ensure that the come up with polices that will serve the interests of all the community members. Seniors should be given research and information that is up to date (Miljan 52). This means that they will be able to make informed decisions that will influence policy. Seniors serving in public office should be allowed to build partnerships and coalitions with likeminded champions, allies and groups. Also, they should be provided with a forum whereby they can connect on a regular basis with the media and local politicians. Therefore, workshops can be established for them so that they can give their opinions and ideas concerning public policy issues. Senior public servants have a lot to contribute in matters that concern public policy (Miljan 60). They have served in various capacities while working and thus have knowledge on issues that need to be addressed. Their input as has been mentioned is highly valuable and should be taken into consideration.
Work Cited
Miljan, Lydia. Public Policy in Canada: An Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.Print.
Francis, Daniel. Discovering Canada’s Government. Oxford: Oxford Press, 2001.Print.
US involvement in Afghanistan in 80’s
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Outline
Why the US involved/trained/supported the Mujahedeen in Afghanistan in the 80’s
Introduction
There is evidence that proves that in the middle of the 1970’s at approximately the same time troops were deployed to Afghanistan by the Soviet Union, the United States started pursuing its interest in this country. America gave millions of dollars in the form of aid to the Afghan insurgents known as Mujahedeen to help them fight their enemies. They were the Soviet Army in an operation known as Cyclone and the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. Afghan Arabs who were popular and known Muslim volunteers assisted the Afghan Mujahedeen. In fact, Osama Bin Laden was one of the Afghan Arabs, he was a pious and wealthy Saudi that used his money as well raised money from people in the rich Gulf States. It is even claimed that the CIA helped train Osama Bin Laden in an effort to ensure that the mujahedeen succeeded in their quest (Miniter 1).
Thesis Statement
This paper will seek to give a critical analysis of why the United States supported the Mujahedeen in different ways during the 1980’s in Afghanistan.
Body Paragraph with bullet points
How the Afghanistan War started
It is during the end of the year 1978 that an uprising that was against the communist government of Khalq started. The deeply religious and conservative country did not want the Soviet-style socialism to be imposed on them. After a year, it became clear that Afghanistan could not control this type of government. In turn, the USSR applied their Brezhnev Doctrine that sort to have a Limited Contingent in Afghanistan (Giplin 32). This is what led to the start of the war as well as the rise of the Mujahedeen. The countries that wanted to support Afghanistan were some Arab and European states, China, Iran, Pakistan and most especially the United States. However, at first the Mujahedeen were not successful because of the following reasons;
Afghan village and tribal leaders were undermined by the various religious leaders of the existing factions.
There were constant conflicts among the various factions.
A centralized leadership did not exist.
A chain of command was not followed.
The KGB impersonated the CIA and was able to provoke fighting and flash out rebel groups.
Reasons why the United States choose to support the Afghan Mujahedeen
A Mujahedeen warrior always fought for his religion, tribe and family. He did this because they were volunteers who were not paid, had a sense of duty and loved freedom. The fighters had various family responsibilities were from local tribes. They were part timers and were untrained, and often engaged in uncouth practices (Lester 68). For example, they would sell some of their weapons in Pakistani markets. Later on after some years in the war, the Mujahedeen fighters were a new and improved kind and the Americans decided to invest in them because of the following reasons.
They had a high social status and were educated.
They were committed to their religion and had leadership abilities.
They were led by the force of achieving consensus, moral persuasion and personality.
Some of them who were ex-fighters had exceptional planning and military technical skills.
It was quite easy for the Americans to teach the Mujahedeen on war tactics.
Two theories that relate to the reason as to why the Mujahedeen were supported by the United States.
There are a number of theories that can be used in explaining why the United States involved itself with the Afghans who were fighting the Soviets. In this case the theories that will be referenced to are national value and offensive realism. The United States has been the world’s leading super power and thus often sees the need to engage in the affairs of other countries.
Offensive Realism- This theory seeks to give an explanation as to why the international system is archaic and in turn, this leads to aggressive behavior being expressed in the arena of international politics. Furthermore, great powers most times tend to be the key actors in the international system. In this case, the United States engaged in offensive realism because it believed that it could solve the Soviet and Afghanistan issues based upon its strengths. It is no wonder that it supplied the Mujahedeen with a lot of money, as well as providing them with the required military strength. The CIA was aware that they could easily manipulate the afghan Mujahedeen because they had resources and thus used this to have an influence over them. In fact, according to Robert Gates, a former CIA director, the intelligence services had already started supporting the Mujahedeen as early as six months before the soviet intervention begun. The United States knew that if the soviets defeated the Mujahedeen, they would have a lot of power and thus threaten the power of America. Furthermore, the United States was trying to eliminate any challenges that it would face in the future even if it meant having new rivals (Toft 392).
National Value- This theory claims that nations will always want to ensure that their power as well as value is maintained in order to benefit. America is a country known for its military strength and technology, and thus during the 1980’s it ensured that the world was aware of this issue. The fact that Afghans did not have patriotism or nationhood, which in turn led to political instability, inspired the United States to try and resolve the existing problems (Roy 66). The Mujahedeen needed help in fighting their enemies and could not be able to resist the assistance they were being offered. They were provided with high-tech equipment such as satellites, anti-missile tankers and rifles, among others. The Americans event as far as providing Afghan children with books that had illustrations of how America would help them fight the Soviets (Bergen 90). Schools were built by the Americans so that they offer the Mujahedeen extensive training on how to use weapons so that they could succeed in war. The Americans were only interested in improving their national value as they had to means to do so. It is evident that the United States interests in the Afghanistan and Mujahedeen was hypocritical.
Conclusion
The United States wanted to ensure that it maintained its position as a super power, and by assisting the Mujahedeen it could achieve this goal.
The Soviet Union was fast becoming a powerful nation and if it spread its doctrines to Afghanistan it would undermine the strength of the United States.
Afghanistan has many valuable resources, which would benefit America and through helping and befriending the Mujahedeen it would be possible to benefit.
Work Cited
Lester, W. “The Bear went Over the Mountain”. Washington DC: National Defense University, 1996. Print.
Giplin, Robert. War and Change in World Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981. Print.
Toft, Peter. “John J. Mearsheimer: an offensive realist between geopolitics and power.” Journal of International Relations and Development 8 (2005): 381-408.
, Olivier. Globalized Islam: the Search for a New Ummah. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004. Print.
Miniter, Richard. “Dispelling the CIA-Bin Laden Myth”. International Fox News. 23 Sep. 2003. Web. 12 Nov 2013.
Bergen, Peter. Holy War Inc. New York: Free Press, 2001. Print.