Recent orders
Historical Background
Medicaid Cover Policy
Student’s name
Institutional affiliation
Historical Background of the Policy
Medicaid cover is a public insurance program in the United States that provides low-income individuals and families with health coverage, including seniors, children, pregnant women, parents, and people with disabilities. States and the federal government jointly fund the program. Medicaid benefits and eligibility tend to vary across states because federal guidelines tend to be broad. The historical problem that led to the creation of Medicaid was the disproportionate access to health services, particularly small-income households. Their low income and economic status could not allow them to afford insurance cover and Medicaid sought to address this problem. Historically, the issue of access to health care for poor populations has been rife. Since its creation, the program has been protecting the well-being and health of millions of American citizens, saving lives, and improving the country’s economic security. Before the creation of Medicaid, poor people were excluded from mainstream medical care. They depended on the charity of hospitals, physicians, and clinics for care. Whenever they attempted to access health services, they were met with discrimination. The hardships associated with health services led to reduced services being given to the poor compared to their rich counterparts. As regards history, the Medicaid Program was signed as a law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on July 30th 1965, as part of the Social Security Act. Originally, Medicaid was meant to give health care insurance coverage to individuals eligible for cash transfers. Over the years, the program has evolved from health coverage to be a social provision program. The policy originated in 1865 in a bid to provide older American citizens with security because at the time, they were not being well served in an insurance market that mainly targeted the employed. The legislative history of the Medicaid Program stretches back to 1965, when the Social Security Act was enacted. In 1965, the program’s eligibility was limited to families with children below 18 years considered deprived of parental support because of unemployment, death, or lack of capacity. 1967, the program expanded to include early and periodic screening, diagnostic, and treatment (EPSDT) benefits for children below 21 years. After four years, states allowed the program to offer services to the mentally retarded and in intermediate care facilities. In 1972, an amendment was made that required reasonable payments for inpatient services. In 1977, the Hyde amendment prohibited payments for abortion services except when the mother’s life is in danger, rape, and incest. In 1981, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act was enacted, which gave states a mandate to pursue mandatory enrollment for specific populations. Between 1982 and 2000, a series of amendments including deficit reduction, tax equity responsibility, omnibus reconciliation, family support, voluntary reconciliation, work incentives, cervical cancer, and breast cancer prevention were enacted (Sommers, Chen, Blendon, Orav, & Epstein, 2020). The latest amendment was the coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act of 2020, which among many benefits, allowed medical practitioners to certify Medicaid health services at home.
Description of the Problem that Necessitated Medicaid
The problem that necessitated the creation of Medicaid was the unequal access to health services among poor populations. Initially, they were at the mercy of public hospitals and health practitioners. Because they did not have access to health insurance, they were discriminated against whenever they tried accessing health services. The lack of access to health insurance by Medicaid is rife, as indicated by the numbers. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) estimates that in 2019 over 75 million Americans were part of the program (Mann, White, Rogers& Gomez, 2019). The breakdown indicates that the majority are children accounting for 40% of the total population, with other populations being the disabled, the aging people and adults. According to statistics, 47.3% of Medicaid users are whites, 40% are African Americans, 30% Native Americans. Children remain the most affected by the problem which explains why they make up the majority of the population relying on the program.
Policy Description
The Medicaid program works by financing up to a fifth of the personal health care expenditures for the poor population in the United States. It also provides jobs and significant financing for nursing homes, hospitals, physicians, and community health centers. Once a person is deemed eligible for coverage, the individuals pay none or make minimal payments every month. Medicaid covers majority of the health expenses and long-term care provided the service provider is certified. Medicaid limits out-of-pocket spending and provides benefits including dental visits, eye exams, regular checkups, vaccines, prescription drugs, x-rays, lab tests. Additionally, the programs provide access to mental health services and medical specialists. The Medicaid policy covers state residents and must be United States residents or non-citizens who have met certain criteria. To implement the program, individuals are screened for eligibility. They must be from low-income backgrounds or be part of the categories, including people with disability, pregnant women, children below 19 years or adults with dependent children. The kind of resources counted as assets are investments, cash, savings, bonds and credit unions. The short-term goal of Medicaid is to institute an insurance plan instead of managed care in paying for health services. The long-term goal is to have person-driven and long-term support for people with disability and chronic diseases to achieve an independent and improved quality of life. At the federal level, the Center for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) is tasked with overseeing the administration of the Medicaid program while individual states establish and manage policies to run the program on a day-to-day basis. The Medicaid program relates to the values of social justice, competence and services. This is because it seeks to address underlying inequalities that prevent poor people from accessing healthcare. It levels the playing field and gives the poorest people in society an opportunity to get quality healthcare. While social workers were not directly involved in the development of the Medicaid program, they continue to be a crucial part of the process by providing community-based care coordination.
References
Mann, E. S., White, A. L., Rogers, P. L., & Gomez, A. M. (2019). Patients’ experiences with South Carolina’s immediate postpartum Long-acting reversible contraception Medicaid policy. Contraception, 100(2), 165-171.
Sommers, B. D., Chen, L., Blendon, R. J., Orav, E. J., & Epstein, A. M. (2020). Medicaid Work Requirements In Arkansas: Two-Year Impacts On Coverage, Employment, And Affordability Of Care: Study examines the impact of the Arkansas Medicaid work requirement before and after a federal judge put the policy on hold. Health Affairs, 39(9), 1522-1530.
English- Speech Analysis (I Have a Dream)
Speech Analysis:
“I Have a Dream”
(Author’s name)
(Institutional Affiliation)
Introduction
In August 1963, in front of the entire African American Community, Martin Luther King astonished his audience with his famous ‘I Have A Dream’ speech. Spectacularly delivered at Lincoln’s Memorial, the speech is considered one of the most influential speeches of all times (Echols, 2004). Literary, Martin Luther King, the author of the speech is said to have produced highly effective rhetoric speech as it persuaded many of the audience into the achievement of its intended purpose. The speech not only identified and united the African American community in the United States of America, it also encouraged them to search for freedom as a community. His moralistic command for racial impartiality and an integrated society quickly became a mantra for the African American community from the time when the speech was delivered to date (Echols, 2004). In essence, the speech is considered as an important determinant of the US declaration of Independence, as it help shape the political and social structure of the state into what it is today. The central theme of the speech was the concept that all people were created equal, and that no person was and is more equal than the other.
The speech consists of three main parts. The first part provides a picture of the racial situation in America at the time, while the second part explains why the situation calls for a correction and change. The last part of the speech examines the dream of a better, and racially, fairer future while illustrating what needs to be done in order to achieve this dream (Echols, 2004). Martin Luther King argued fervently and effectively while using some of the literary elements of speech writing, which illustrates some of the speech’s usage of some stylistic techniques in English. Martin Luther King utilizes repetition for the emphasis of his theme: he also uses suitable quotations and allusions, and utilizes specific examples and metaphors to provide his arguments in the speech. Accordingly, two other literary elements of speech writing are recognizable in the speech including the use of speech acts , and the utilization of gricean maxims.
This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the speech “I Have a Dream” by Martin Luther King. Specifically, the paper examines the use of speech acts and gricean maxims in the speech, illustrating how these have influenced the readers’ perceptions and reception of the speech.
Speech Acts
In English, the term speech act is used to define a speaker’s actions through utterance (Smith, 1990). Speech Acts are common in the philosophy of language, and they are commonly used when describing an action that has been taken or is to be taken in the future. Speech acts are of three main acts including locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary speech acts all of which are used differently in the performance of the speech. Locutionary speech acts refer to the actual utterance of the speaker during the delivery of the speech. When examining the use of locutionary speech acts, one must also consider the ostensible meaning of the words being uttered, so as to, determine the theme of the speech and its intended purpose (Smith, 1990). Illocutionary speech acts on the other hand refer to acts or utterances that illustrate the speakers intended meaning of the speech. Put simply, they are acts that are used to describe the real meaning of the poem to its audience.
Illocutionary acts can further be classified into five main categories including assertives, expressives, declarations, commisives and directives (Smith, 1990). Lastly, perlocutionary speech acts define the effects and consequences of the speech to its listeners. Perlocutionary speech acts can only be identified after the delivery of the speech as it is the best way of finding out the effects of the speech on its audience. Evidently, Martin Luther King’s speech demonstrates the use of all three speech acts as mentioned above. The first illustration of the use of speech acts by Martin Luther King is exemplified as a locutionary act. As previously mentioned, a locutionary act refers to the actual utterance of the speaker as well as the intended purpose of the speech. Locutionary acts are illustrated throughout the speech with the first sentences of the speech carrying a considerable level of the usage of these acts. The speaker begins by explaining the intended meaning of the speech.
Martin Luther King welcomes his audience to the event and he explains that the speech is intended for the demonstration of freedom in the state. This illustrates the use of a locutionary speech act as the readers are provided with what appears to be a thesis statement of the speech. Accordingly, the rest of the speech is followed by the actions to be performed with regards to the attainment of racial freedom, as well as, the significance of attaining that freedom to the audience. Because the speech calls people into action regarding racial injustice, the reader can see the usage of illocutionary in the speech. The use of illocutionary acts in the speech is demonstrated through the use of all five categories of illocutionary speech acts.
Declarations
The first and most prominent use of illocutionary acts in the speech is illustrated by the use of declaration speech acts. Declaration speech acts refer to speech acts that transform the reality of the matter being discussed in such a way that it agrees with the suggestion of the speech (Smith, 1990). Martin Luther King utilizes this to illustrate the problematic situation in his society, as well as, propose a way forward in relation to the actions that need to be taken. For example, in his statement, “Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked ‘insufficient funds.” (King, 1963), Martin Luther King explains how the African American community is still suffering in its own society. This can be considered as a declaration of sorts as it transforms what the readers consider as the reality of the matter to the perceptions of Martin Luther King regarding the issue.
Assertives
Martin Luther King utilizes assertive as part of illocutionary speech acts such as the statement, “But one hundred years later, the negro is still not free.” (King, 1963), which is used to assert the current situation of the society at the time. Accordingly, an assertive is an illocutionary speech act that is used as a commitment to the truth by the speaker during the delivery of the speech (Smith, 1990). In a way assertive are linked with the actual truth of what is being said and the speaker illustrates his assurance towards this truth as a way of asserting his position on the subject matter.
Directives
The use of directives in the speech is illustrated in the way Martin Luther King uses his words to convince the audience into taking a particular action regarding the issue of racial freedom in the state (Smith, 1990). Specifically, Martin Luther King directs the listeners into the actions that need to be taken for the achievement of what he considers as the ideal. His statement “We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force.” (King 1963), advices people on what should be done for the attainment of racial equality. This statement instructs his listeners to shun away physical violence for the attainment of racial equality, and instead, look into other ways of achieving this.
Commissives
Martin Luther King also embraces the use of commissive speech acts in his “I Have a Dream” speech. Commissives are defined as speech acts that consign a speaker, as well as, his audience to future actions (Smith, 1990). In essence, commissives refer to pledges that the speaker makes with regards to the subject matter which is under discussion. Martin Luther King demonstrates the use of commissives in the last part of his speech, whereby he instigates the need for future action by both himself and the African American community. He states that, “I say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.” (King, 1963), illustrates martin Luther king’s role in the achievement of freedom. Accordingly, his dream is that the black community will have a better future, and by using the words “I have a Dream” Martin Luther King promises his audience of a better future.
Expressives
The last use of illocutionary speech acts in Martin Luther king’s speech is illustrated through the use of the fifth category of illocutionary speech acts known as expressive. In linguistics, expressive describe the acts of speech that articulate or communicate the speaker’s perceptions, feelings, and thought regarding the proposition of the speech (Smith, 1990). Martin Luther King utilizes expressive to explain his personal attitudes towards the issues in two main ways including his distaste for the society’s situation at the time, as well as, his hope for a better future in the years ahead. The latter is illustrated in the statement, “This is the faith that I go back to the South with. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood” (King, 1963). This statement provides the audience with the speakers attitudes regarding a better tomorrow as he is hopeful that his nation will transform into the ideal. An example of his attitude regarding the situation in the state is illustrated in Martin Luther King’s words, “It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned.” (King, 1963). This illustrate martin Luther King’s thoughts on what was happening around him at the time with regards to racial discrimination and his community.
Gricean Maxims
Another literary technique that has been used in Martin Luther King’s speech, “I Have a Dream” is gricean maxims. Gricean maxims are literary techniques that are used for the unification of the speaker’s utterance to the comprehension of the audience regarding the speech (Bowe, 2007). Put simply, they refer to the methods used to link a speaker’s words to what the audience understands from the speech. These techniques are used to build on the message being communicated by the speaker to his audience so as to ensure that the message is efficiently communicated to the audience. There exists four categories of gricean maxims including the maxims of quality, quantity, manner and relation (Cameron, 2001). Accordingly, the speech by Martin Luther king demonstrates the use of all five categories of gricean maxims, as a way of persuading the audience about the subject matter. Specifically, these maxims have been used to illustrate the precision of what the speaker is bringing to light, as well as, propose various ways and methods through which this problematic situation can be changed for a better future.
The Maxim of Quality
The maxim of quality demands that the speaker be truthful at all times with regards to the information that he gives in his speech (Bowe, 2007). In the formulation of a speech, the authors and speakers are required to venture into research so as to gather all the necessary information regarding the subject matter to be discussed in the speech. This is done extensively and in such a way that the audience believe that they have all the information that is crucial for the discussion of the topic, as well as, the assurance that the topic is a significant subject for discussion and possible action. In his speech Martin Luther King illustrates the use of the maxim of quality when he states that there was a previous decree that was signed with relation to the freeing of slaves that has not yet been put into proper practice for the achievement of that freedom (King, 1963). He states this in the introductory part of the speech, which indirectly illustrates the truthfulness of the information presented. By saying this, the audience is led to believe that the speaker has examined the issue at hand and his findings are based on research. Additionally, the maxim of quality also demands that the speaker supports his words by the use of evidence. Evidence, in this case is presented in the mentioning of the “Emancipation Proclamation” that was signed previously and that had not been effectively put in place hence the problem of racial inequality.
The Maxim of Quantity
The second maxim used in martin Luther King’s speech is the maxim of quantity. In the linguistics, the maxim of quantity is a literary technique that embraces the best possible use of educational facts. In essence, it is a literary technique whereby the author or speaker tries works on being informative, as opposed to, being mystifying (Bowe, 2007). Accordingly, the speaker or author is expected to provide, as much information as needed, no more, and no less. In his speech Martin Luther King demonstrates the use of this throughout the speech whereby he mentions the degree of racial injustice that was existence in the society, without inflating or deflating these facts.
The Maxim of Manner
The maxim of manner has also been exploited in the speech by Martin Luther king. This literary technique of speech writing demands that the speaker or the author of a speech delivers a clear, concise, and orderly speech to his audience (Bowe, 2007). This is done so as to ensure that there is no obscurity and vagueness in the speech for comprehension by the audience. In terms of clarity, Martin Luther king’s speech is understandable as he does not use complicated words in the delivery of his speech. Notably, his language is simple and straight to the point, and for that reason, the speech can be easily understandable by the audience and listeners. In relation to being concise, the speech can be termed as short and snappy. This is because the speaker doe not drown himself in unnecessary stories of racial inequality and the speech is a confirmation of the existence of racial injustice, and the need for a proper cause of action to end this in the society. Lastly, Martin Luther King’s speech is orderly in that the presentation of the speech is systematic and methodical. The speaker begins by inviting people to his event, then goes on to state the problems that exist in the society, after which, he states the actions to be taken for the achievement of a better future. This, in turn, allows the audience to understand the message being communicated in the speech.
The Maxim of Relation
The maxim of relation has also been used in the speech by martin Luther King. This is a literary technique, which demands that the speaker or author to remain relevant to the topic in his discussion of a subject matter (Bowe, 2007). Evidently, Martin Luther King ensures that the information he provides to his audience remains relevant to the topic being discussed. He does not go out of topic, and his discussion is primarily centered on the theme of freedom for the African American community. He neither engages the readers in other themes throughout his speech, nor speaks of other communities other than the African American community.
References
Bowe, H. J. & Martin, K. (2007). Communication Across Cultures: Mutual Understanding in a
Global World. London: Cambridge University Press.
Cameron, D. (2001). Working with Spoken Discourse. London: Sage Publications.
Echols, J. (2004). I Have a dream: Martin Luther King Jr. and The Future of Multicultural
America. New York: Fortress Press.
King, M. L. (1963). “I Have a Dream”: Address Delivered at The Match for Washington For
Jobs and Freedom. Martin Luther King Junior Papers, Projects, and Seeches.
Smith, B. (1990). “Towards a History of Speech Act Theory”, in Speech Acts, Meaning, and
Intentions: Critical Approaches to the Philosophy of John R. Searle. By Burkhardt, A. Berlin: W. de Gruyter Publishers.
Appendices: Links to the Source Materials Used
HYPERLINK “http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=Ds-MdFG2hlMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Communication+Across+Cultures:+Mutual+Understanding+in+a+Global+World.&hl=en&ei=4TPXTuinC9GfOqOPtdMO&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false” http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=Ds-MdFG2hlMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Communication+Across+Cultures:+Mutual+Understanding+in+a+Global+World.&hl=en&ei=4TPXTuinC9GfOqOPtdMO&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false
HYPERLINK “http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=j-agw_ehYgcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Working+with+Spoken+Discourse.&hl=en&ei=SjTXTt78IIzqOfrdgdQO&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false” http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=j-agw_ehYgcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Working+with+Spoken+Discourse.&hl=en&ei=SjTXTt78IIzqOfrdgdQO&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false
HYPERLINK “http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=2AW3PgS9CGQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false” http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=2AW3PgS9CGQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
HYPERLINK “http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/kingweb/publications/speeches/address_at_march_on_washington.pdf” http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/kingweb/publications/speeches/address_at_march_on_washington.pdf
HYPERLINK “http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=3xZDXibBI8sC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Speech+Acts,+Meaning,+and+Intentions:+Critical+Approaches+to+the+Philosophy+of+John+R.+Searle,&hl=en&ei=jjXXTsrkN8OdOuTY0K0O&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false” http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=3xZDXibBI8sC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Speech+Acts,+Meaning,+and+Intentions:+Critical+Approaches+to+the+Philosophy+of+John+R.+Searle,&hl=en&ei=jjXXTsrkN8OdOuTY0K0O&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false
Historical And Future Ice Age
Historical And Future Ice Age
The earth’s climate has not been constant for the last four billion years. This fluctuation brings suspicion that the climate might change again in the near future. One is left to wonder whether we are still living in the ice age or a period of transition. As far as the history of human beings cannot be traced, as the history of ice and historical records might become less and less reliable in this research. It started back before the 21st century. It is believed that about a third of the earth was covered by ice in twenty thousand years ago. Soon after the earth started warming, and the ice started to melt gradually. In the process it left lakes and huge valleys. The melting made the rocks to disintegrate and they were swept to these valleys and lakes. The only ice that was left was on the top of the mountains since they were relatively cooler as compared to the lowlands. By the year three thousand BC the glaciers of the recent Ice Age had melted but the Alps had not. In so doing it left the traces to signify its existence. Over a time the melted ice began to free again and the freezing went on for about one million years. Later approximately ten thousand years ago the earth started to warm again. This is what the scientists call the ice age. The traces are called “GLACIERS”. They happened over a period of time not just by a Eureka. These glaciers can be seen to date. The temperature was as low as 8 Celsius and the climate was not constant. It fluctuated. The ice age was studied by scientist, Louis Agassiz being among the first scientists. He made simple that the ice and initially they thought he was out of his senses. He explained that the boulders had been left by glaciers. They were made of a kind of rock that was not common to the area (granite) and hence his prove for not being formed there. They must have come from elsewhere. The majority of the ice age’s marks are on the northern hemisphere. The other proves for the existence of the ice age is by the clear existence of bedrocks that are polished, piles of sand and gravel, huge valleys that are believed to have been left by the ice age, and the course mountain tops as a result of the disintegration of the rocks due to contraction and expansion of the ice.
The land has been shaped (North America, Asia, and Europe) due to the long period of Ice age. Many animals that are extinct today but existed in the past centuries can be a clear indication of the existence of ice age. Today’s animals are different as by then the animals that existed. This can be proved by the painted pictures of such animals. They did this on the sides of their cave that they lived in during those days. Their skeletons are also evidence. These have been found in the caves too. There have been found the tools that the early man used like the hunters knives just lying next to the skeletons. These animals were wooly mammoth (became extinct in 10000BC), wooly rhinos, cave bears, bison, wolves, horses, among others. Most of them are today extinct due to climate change. It is believed that there has existed eleven ice ages and the latest called the “Great Ice Age” and was eleven thousand years ago and over a third of the earth was blanketed by ice. The ice age must have occurred due to the low temperature during those times. It never rained, but it only snowed. The earth also tilted away from the sun and the climate changed due to that. The sea levels dropped to by over thirty meters. A huge ice shit was narrowly escaped by Russia. The eclipse has changed over this period and it is as if the earth has moved closer to the sun than before. The movement of the earth closer to the sun has made the climate to change. The effect of this is very small but might have contributed to the melting of the Ice from the mountain tops. Now we are living in mini ice age. As the ice age and its cycle was known the scientists believe that it could return eventually. The long term climate might cause a severe ice than the past ice age. It does not mean the world would stop fighting warming. It might free even more. This is due to the global warming that is presently taking place. Early 1850, the climate changed again and began warming and the little ice age terminated at this time.
It has been shown by the scientists that the effect of ice age might return soon due to global warming. As more and more companies’ waste products are being produced. The companies’ wastes are majorly carbon dioxide. They cause global warming. The gases form a layer on the ozone layer and form a layer that blanket the earth. This layer absorbs the radiations to it to about ten meters. As the atmosphere gains heat, it gives out radiations to the earth below. The warming of the atmosphere has been as the result. The more the radiations are absorbed by the ozone layer the more the warmer the earth becomes.
Since in the history it has been found that the ice age rotates after about one thousand years, a sharp transition in the geology has been noted. There has been a long and non ending cool-up of the earth. At the same time winters are getting more and more in the regions in the northern America. This might be as reason of the heat coming from the interior of the earth and also as the effect of global warming.
The average temperature is increasing at a rate of one faraday over the last two centuries. The opposite of such happens when the snow and ice increases in the northern parts of the earth. Ice and snow being whit in color reflect the sun light and radiations. The reflection makes the precipitation to be high creating more snow. Snow being a reflector reflects sunlight and this cooling is becoming more rapid and cannot be reversed. More of the sunlight is reflected. The moisture that evaporates from the oceans condenses on the cooler mountain tops. The increase in volcanic activities that at times originate from under the sea is the major cause of the rapid evaporation. The atmosphere will be locked in an energized winter like pattern all the year round. This will result to the ice sheets expanding. More currents will carry a lot of moistures towards the north and dumping them over the ice hence increasing the ice. The ice will grow become big. The land, hills, will be filled by the ice as it intensifies.
Huge blocks of ice will fill greater part of the earth. Since the periods have been in a cycle the future ice might take thousands of years then will cease. After that the cycle starts and another gradual warming process that might take another over thousands of years. Study has proved that over a very short time the number of volcanic activities have increased. There is a decrease on the level on the ocean. This is quite evident as the tops of the mountains like, Antarctica and Greenland have an increase in ice amounts (surprisingly they were almost free in the last 50 years). There is a great rise in rainfall due to more evaporating moisture that is caused by the warm ocean currents. There has been a debate whether the ice age would return. A move to even larger blanket of ice is soon resulting. This will mark the end of this global warming that started
sin the last 50years.
Scientists have said that there has been a movement from the warmer environment and the world is moving towards the ice age period and is getting more server in the last few years. The same shift happened when Antarctica was covered by ice but in 34 years the ice melted as the scientists have said. The reflection of the sun’s radiations and light by the ice has accelerated the cooling. The depth of the ice has increased about twenty one thousand years ago. The glaciers in the from the north has expanded to far south. The climate change has caused create change. It is expected that the ice age will come back soon and this time round a worse one.
References
http://www.geocraft.com/WVFossils/ice_ages.htthe two diagrams are from the same site.