Literature Summary

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Literature Summary

PICOT QUESTION: In obese, low-income children ages 7 to 17, what is the effect of education on a healthy diet and encouragement to exercise compared to no additional education or exercise on lowering body weight, BMI, and percentage of body fat over one school year?

QUANTITATIVE STUDIES

Study: Poll et al. (2020). Impact of intervention on nutritional status, consumption of processed foods, and quality of life of adolescents with excess weight.

Problem-related to PICOT: There are concerns about the Impact of quality of life on causing an increase in weight in excess to adolescents and children and lack of enough nutritional education on the consumption of beverages which relates to the PICOT question on the effect of education on a healthy diet.

Purpose: The author of this article seeks to describe and extract information on Obesity. The study purposed to evaluate more on nutritional interventions.

Sample/Population: The study conducted a quantitative content analysis on sixty-two adolescents with overweight obesity. A total of 37 were in the intervention, while the remaining 25 were placed in the control group. The ages of the two were 13.2 and 13, respectively.

Data Collection Method: The authors stated that they collected data through quantitative methods; the changes in body mass index were recorded. The quality-of-life data was also recorded for intervention and control groups.

Significant Findings/Conclusions: After study analysis, the findings showed that pre-and post-ultra processed food consumption significantly reduced soft drink consumption in the intervention group. This indicates that quality of life increases the chances of Obesity when nutritional dies are not well taken care of. As a positive aspect of this study, there was a statistically significant variation with a reduction in BMI between the pre-and post-intervention.

Contribution to Review of the Literature: This study is essential in that it helps in providing solutions and contributes to more study content to promote for children to prevent Obesity. It is also an eye-opening study that addresses healthy behavior with changes in quality of life that should be understood and their Impact on weight loss.

Study: Ladenhauf et al. (2020). Association of infra-patellar fat pad size with age and body weight in children and adolescents.

Problem-related to PICOT: There are concerns by authors on low-grade information for children and adolescents. The main problem of the study related to my PICOT question is that it raises issues on potential mediators between Obesity and exercise.

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the sex-specific growth of the IPFP with age and body weight in healthy children and adolescents.

Sample/Population: The study sample used 30 young where age ranged between 4 to 17 years. The study focused on sex-specific IPFP body weight ratio as dependent and age as an independent variable.

Data Collection Method: The study collected data from secondary sources. The study focused on sex-specific IPFP body weight ratio as dependent and age as an independent variable.

Significant Findings/Conclusions: The author’s findings revealed that the IPFP volume and body weight ratio remains constant between ages four and 17 years in both weight girls and boys and that IPFP volume increases with age for both children and adolescents.

Contribution to Review of the Literature: The article considers the existing studies of adolescents and children IPFP volume weigh changes that are vital obesity interventions that may factor in to help inform policymakers of new ways to develop future interventions. This article may impact other authors to conduct more studies that can improve weight control as children and adolescents grow.

QUALITATIVE STUDIES

Author/Title/Year (APA format): Lee et al. (2021). Behavioral weight loss intervention preferences of adolescents with overweight/Obesity.

Problem-related to PICOT: Over recent years, there have been many raising problems with behavior changes as the leading cause of adolescent Obesity.

Purpose: The authors aimed to develop behavior lifestyle interventions by tailoring an intervention using adolescent engagement. Develop an exemplary opinion that can improve weight loss control flow of behavior.

Sample: The study selected a mean age of 16.0 ± 1.8 years. Children and adolescents used were racially/ethnically diverse. The sample targeted physical and mental well-being.

Data Collection Method: Interviews were used to collect data.

Key Findings/Themes: Behavior interventions for treating adolescent Obesity are found to be a big problem. The study suggests the development and implementation of future behavior interventions. Key themes included socialization and relationships. Diet and exercises with education are the overall themes.

Contribution to Review of the Literature: This study is monumental to behavioral interventions in treating adolescent Obesity. And giving content for enhancing healthy lifestyles. The Paper also contributes to developing and implementing future behavioral interventions for adolescent Obesity.

Author/Title/Year (APA format): Bräutigam et al. (2021), primary care nurses’ perceptions and experiences of patients being overweight or obese as well as visions and attitudes about working with lifestyle issues: a qualitative interview study

Problem related to PICOT: Overweight and Obesity worldwide is high, and obesity rates are expected to increase until 2030. The urban environment has been highlighted to have various features that reduce the need for physical activities.

Purpose: The study aimed to describe primary care nurses’ experiences of being obese and further determine their perceptions of overweight problems in society and how they cope with lifestyle issues.

Sample: The sample included 13 persons with experience working in 7 health care centers., The authors used nurses in PHCC who have worked for an extended period, working with obese patients in the southwest of Sweden.

Data Collection Method: The study used a qualitative interview method to collect data. The variables used were age, work experience, gender, and private or public workplace.

Key Findings/Themes: The nurse reported that not much had been done researching new ways to educate patients to control weight. Lack of enough food industry and food stores make it hard for parents to choose healthy food to provide for children under the age of 17yrs.

Study objectives included finding out school and media impact on lifestyle, regulation of the food market, and health promotion outside of the health care mission.

Contribution to Review of the Literature: This article promotes the perception of a shift from costs to human concerns, from focusing on challenges to seeing capabilities and available research. It also plays a vital role in making policies and how to use and exercise them.

MIXED METHODS

Study: Gordon (2020). Childhood obesity prevention in adolescents. 

Problem-related to PICOT: Childhood obesity is a significant vital problem that put in trouble the health of adolescent. This number of overweight children is estimated to be around 42 million, 35 being from poorly under-developed countries.

Purpose: The author of this article seeks to contribute to other researchers to improve people’s health and accomplishment and intervene in how to prevent Obesity in children.

Sample/Population: The authors used a research population of children with Obesity that was examined.30 adolescent participants who were between 12 to 19 years were used, recruited from the patient population at a pediatric primary care office.

Data Collection Method: The authors stated that before data collection, their outline the guidelines. This study collected data using mixed methodology approach, which mainly focused on behaviors, attitudes, and activity. The data measurements used were quantitative and qualitative where the project recorded baseline weight and height values for each sample population. The demographic data included age, gender, education level attained, sport preferred, and food.

Significant Findings/Conclusions: The study findings show that decreasing the amount of food consumption is a significant cause of increasing physical activity. Other causes of Obesity in children include a reducing the number of hours a child uses engages in sedentary activities such as playing games.

Contribution to Review of the Literature: This study is essential in that it helps in providing solutions and contributes to more study content to promote for children to prevent Obesity.

Author/Title/Year (APA format): Jiménez-Parra, et al (2022). “ACTIVE VALUES”: An Interdisciplinary Educational Programmed to Promote Healthy Lifestyles and Encourage Education in Values

Problem-related to PICOT: School children and young students are faced with Obesity struggles that lead to socio-educational difficulties such as social conflicts. Many young people are experiencing public health problems such as sedentary lifestyles.

Purpose: The purpose is to make sure other stakeholders in the nursing sector understand the rationale and procedures of an educational plan known as “ACTIVE VALUES,” whose central role is an intervention strategy for reducing sedentary lifestyles for obese people and promoting education for weight control.

Sample: The sample comprised 250 school-going children and 30 educators from different communities in Spain.

Data Collection Method: The present research used a mixed methods approach with a quasi-experimental design. The Quantitative Data included is descriptive statistics of frequency and percentage. The qualitative results referring to the drawings, teacher diary, interviews, and discussion groups will be analyzed using Atlas.

Contribution to Review of the Literature: According to Jiménez-Parra et al. (2022), The study objective to the world of literature is research that has a training purpose for all teachers, those of Primary and Secondary education without considering if they are professionally experienced, the plan procedure for implementing, and the process for evaluation.

META-ANALYSIS STUDIES

Study: Jones et al. (2019). Viewpoints of adolescents with overweight and Obesity attending lifestyle obesity treatment interventions

Problem-related to PICOT: There are views on many adolescents attending obesity interventions help. Authors inform that lack of enough recruitment and attrition rates are due to Obesity in the country by adolescents.

Purpose: The study is purposed to ensure young people and children receive a tailored intervention that engages every one of them regardless of gender. 

Sample/Population: The study included 28 studies that included analysis of them which were developed and divided into seven domains

Data Collection Method: The study identified published articles from 6 databases. Studies of children and adolescents who were tested on Obesity used. The method used was the thematic synthesis method.

Significant Findings/Conclusions: The study found that many adolescents fear attending interventions and need support. Most people who don’t fear the examination enjoy sports and other physical activities. Adolescents are strongly motivated to improve their body image and social desires.

Contribution to Review of the Literature: The article must consider the existing studies of adolescents and children attending vital obesity interventions that may factor in to help inform policymakers of new ways to develop future interventions. This article may impact other authors to conduct more studies that can improve recruitment and attrition rates.

Author/Title/Year (APA format): Vallabhan (2018) Motivational Interviewing to Treat Adolescents with Obesity

Problem-related to PICOT: Unsuccessful treatment approaches are one of the main reasons adolescents are Obese. Poor Motivational interviewing (MI), low levels of counseling approach designed to enhance behavior change, show shortages, and no promises in promoting healthy lifestyle changes.

Purpose: The authors aim to conduct a systematic review of MI for treating overweight and Obesity in adolescents and a meta-analysis of its effects on anthropometric and cardiometabolic outcomes

Search selection method: The study used four authors’ reviewed titles, abstracts, and full-text articles related to or the same as my PICOT question.

Meta-Analysis Model: The study used the Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).

Consistency/Variation of Studies: The study had to use seventeen previous articles that met the inclusion criteria and applied 11 in the meta-analysis.

Summary of Findings: After meta-analysis, the researchers found that there were non-significant effects on reducing BMI was not adequate for taking care of overweight and Obesity in adolescents, but sample size and study dose, delivery, and duration issues complicate the interpretation of the results.

CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES

Author/Title/Year (APA format): Yi et al. (2019) Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Obesity: Recommendations from the Committee on Pediatric Obesity of the Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition

Problem-related to PICOT: The prevalence of childhood changes in lifestyle and decreased physical activity affects children and adolescents.

Stakeholders represented: adolescents and children between 2 and 5 years, Adolescents aged 12–18 years.

A systematic review of literature: A systemic analysis of 24 reports reviewing 15 studies showed strong evidence that reduced screen time and enhanced physical activity could prevent Obesity.

Strength of recommendations used: The strength of recommendations was based on the levels of evidence.

Recommendations have been peer reviewed: The peer-reviewed about 24 reports, 15 studies with enough evidence that reflect the need for screen time and exercises.

Summary of findings as related to PICOT: Reducing examination time causes sedentary time to be less. According to recent studies, authoritarian parenting is highly associated with the risk cause of being overweight among young children.

Author/Title/Year (APA format): Sanyaolu et al. (2019) Childhood and Adolescent Obesity in the United States: A Public Health Concern

Problem-related to PICOT: Childhood and adolescent obesity has been seen as a big problem in the United States. This problem has made it a concern for public health.

Stakeholders represented: School-aged children aged six to 11 years and adolescents aged 12 to 19 years.

A systematic review of literature: The articles review the most recent articles from 2015 published by the national health and nutrition examination survey and review the information as per clinical health guidelines practices. Other

Strength of recommendations used: The study was advantaged to have access to National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Also, this narrative review did not require ethical approval and informed consent.

Recommendations have been peer reviewed: The study provides prevention and control means. Education to parents on proper nutrition is one of the recommendations for their children.

Summary of findings as related to PICOT: The number of children with Obesity in the US has been found to have a massive increase over the years. The authors have found the main factors to control obesity trends, such as a combination of diet, exercise, and physiological. The recommendations are directed to bring primary and secondary prevention guidelines. A combined implementation has been proven effective after reviewing various articles and can help lower the rates.

References

Bräutigam Ewe, M., Hildingh, C., Månsson, J., & Lydell, M. (2021). Primary care nurses’ perceptions and experiences of patients being overweight or obese and visions and attitudes about working with lifestyle issues: a qualitative interview study. BMC nursing, 20(1), 1-11.

Jiménez-Parra, J. F., Belando-Pedreño, N., López-Fernández, J., García-Vélez, A. J., & Valero-Valenzuela, A. (2022). “ACTIVE VALUES”: An Interdisciplinary Educational Programme to Promote Healthy Lifestyles and Encourage Education in Values—A Rationale and Protocol Study. Applied Sciences, 12(16), 8073.

Jones, H. M., Al‐Khudairy, L., Melendez‐Torres, G. J., & Oyebode, O. (2019). Viewpoints of adolescents with overweight and Obesity attending lifestyle obesity treatment interventions: a systematic qualitative review. Obesity Reviews, 20(1), 156-169.

Ladenhauf, H. N., Schlattau, A., Burda, B., Wirth, W., Eckstein, F., Metzger, R., & Ruhdorfer, A. (2020). Association of infra-patellar fat pad size with age and body weight in children and adolescents. Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger, 232, 151533.

Lee, A. M., Szurek, S. M., Dilip, A., Dillard, J. R., Miller, D. R., Theis, R. P., … & Cardel, M. I. (2021). Behavioral weight loss intervention preferences of adolescents with overweight/Obesity. Childhood Obesity, 17(3), 160-168.

Poll, F. A., Miraglia, F., D’avila, H. F., Reuter, C. P., & Mello, E. D. (2020). Impact of intervention on nutritional status, consumption of processed foods, and quality of life of adolescents with excess weight. Jornal de Pediatria, 96, 621-629.

Sanyaolu, A., Okorie, C., Qi, X., Locke, J., & Rehman, S. (2019). Childhood and adolescent Obesity in the United States: a public health concern. Global pediatric health, 6, 2333794X19891305.

Sanyaolu, A., Okorie, C., Qi, X., Locke, J., & Rehman, S. (2019). Childhood and adolescent Obesity in the United States: a public health concern. Global pediatric health, 6, 2333794X19891305.

Vallabhan, M. K., Jimenez, E. Y., Nash, J. L., Gonzales-Pacheco, D., Coakley, K. E., Noe, S. R., … & Kong, A. S. (2018). Motivational interviewing to treat adolescents with Obesity: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 142(5).

Yi, D. Y., Kim, S. C., Lee, J. H., Lee, E. H., Kim, J. Y., Kim, Y. J., … & Yang, H. R. (2019). Clinical practice guideline for diagnosing and treating pediatric Obesity: recommendations from the Committee on Pediatric Obesity of the Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition. Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition, 22(1), 1-27.