Application of primary and public health policy concepts and principles to nursing practice

Assessment 1 is designed to demonstrate your learning and achievement of the following course objectives:

CO 1. Explore the application of primary and public health policy, concepts and principles to nursing practice.

CO 2. Explore the role of the registered nurse in health promotion and provision of health education to individuals, groups, communities and populations.

CO 3. Develop a client-centred health promotion/health education strategy that addresses social, political, cultural and environmental determinants of health and the immediate problems facing an individual, group, community or population.

CO 5. Critically analyse the challenges of meeting health care needs of rural and remote populations.

Please answer the following short answer questions using the headings and subheadings provided below:

1. Local Australian community geographical location (in less than 50 words)

In this section you need to:
a. identify and name a LOCAL Australian community
b. briefly state the LOCAL Australian community geographical location.
Note: to improve your success in this course, the teaching team recommend for you to choose an Australian local government area (council or shire) or your local health network in which you currently reside or are intending to relocate to once registered.

Regardless, it does require to be located within Australia.

2. Identifying and analysing of the health problem (summarise in approximately 400 words)

In this section you need to:
a. Identify a health problem which is in a LOCAL Australian community geographical location.
b. Undertake an analysis using current population and/or community health data:
How common or widespread (prevalence) is this health problem in the LOCAL Australian community compared with
other Australian state and/or territories,
national or global locations and
what is known about the health problem from contemporary public health and/or nursing research and evidence based perspective?

3. Identifying and defining the target population group (summarise in approximately 150 words)

In this section you need to:
a. Identify and define who in the LOCAL Australian community is most affected or impacted by the chosen health problem? For example, consider population groups, vulnerable groups, ethnic and cultural groups; age group or gender etc.

b. Summarise how many of the define target population group/s are affected or impacted by this health problem, for example the total number of cases of health problem existing in the LOCAL Australian community.

4. Defining the causes of the causes (summarise in approximately 450 words)

In both of the following sections you will also need to use population and/or community health data to:
4.1. Individual or contributing factors causing the target group/s health problem.
a. identify and analyse within the target group/s what are the MOST dominant individual or contributing factors causing the health problem.
Note: Individual or contributing factors are known as health risks, exposures and behaviours/lifestyle factors that directly contributed to the health problem i.e., disease, condition, illness or injury; for example, poor diet, smoking and inactivity is associated with many chronic conditions.

4.2. Determinants of health of a LOCAL Australian community which is influencing the target group/s health problem.
a. identify and analyse the identified LOCAL Australian community and target group/s determinants of health (social, economic and environmental factors) which is having the greatest influence on health and are the root cause of that target group/s health problem and status.
Note: Determinants of health (social, economic and environmental factors) are the root cause of health problems and status such as: access to affordable healthy foods, income and social status, housing and transportation, safe community, discrimination and racism to the community’s geographical location and environments which also referred to as where people live, work, play and learn every day.

5. State what are the issues faced by the target group/s in relation to how they can access health care (summarise in approximately 200 words)

In this section you will need to:
a. Apply Levesque et al. (2013) conceptual framework of access to health care (available in the e-readings), and
b. State the factors that may be affecting the target group’s ability to reach out for support by also considering the five (5) A’s in healthcare delivery.

6. State the partnership opportunities (summarise in approximately 200 words)

In this section you need to consider
a. Who the nurse could partner and to work with on addressing this health problem, in your response list a minimum of
TWO (2) partners from WITHIN the health sector and system.
TWO (2) partners from OTHER sectors, these partners MUST be OUTSIDE of the health sector and system.
b. Briefly state the purpose/rationale and the partnership level of collaborating and/or partnering with each partner or stakeholder.
Note: Partners can be either people, team(s) or organisation(s), and sectors which are outside the health sector and system are local government, industry, education, ageing, law and justice, transport to the human services such as employment, disability, housing and community supports etc.

7. State the health problem statement (in less than 50 words)
In this section you need to write a concise and short statement which outline the following: what, who, how much, when and where.

Ensure that you:
Present your information and concepts succinctly and professionally.
Provide written responses that follow the CHS Nursing and Midwifery academic writing guidelines (written responses to the assessment questions can included dot points and tables, where appropriate).
Correctly reference information, APA7th

Your assignment should include the following headings and subheadings:
1. Local Australian community geographical location
2. Identifying and analysing of the problem
3. Defining the target group
4. Defining the causes of the causes
4.1. Individual’s or contributing factors causing the target group’s health problem
4.2. Determinants of health of LOCAL Australian community influencing the target group’s health problem
5. State the target group’s access to health care issues
6. State the partnerships opportunities
7. State the health problem statement
8. Reference List APA7th

Here are some references and websites that may be useful!

Fleming, M. L. (2020). Health promotion : principles and practice in the Australian context / Mary Louise Fleming & Elizabeth Parker. (Third edition.). Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.

Fleming, M. L. (2020). Health promotion : principles and practice in the Australian context / Mary Louise Fleming & Elizabeth Parker. (Third edition.). Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. (pages 28-39)

The Geneva Charter for Wellbeing

The Earth Charter: A framework for Global Governance

World Health Organization 2021, Health Promotion Glossary of Terms, World Health Organization, Geneva.

Primary health care theory of change (WHO & UNICEF 2020, p.6)

Fleming, M. L. (2020). Health promotion : principles and practice in the Australian context / Mary Louise Fleming & Elizabeth Parker. (Third edition.). Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. (pages 270-276)

Fleming, M. L. (2020). Health promotion : principles and practice in the Australian context / Mary Louise Fleming & Elizabeth Parker. (Third edition.). Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. (pages 40-54)

Fleming, M. L. (2020). Health promotion : principles and practice in the Australian context / Mary Louise Fleming & Elizabeth Parker. (Third edition.). Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. (pages 3-27) – history of public health

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare who produce the ‘Australia’s health’ topic summaries on the Determinant of Health each year

https://www.health.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/2022/03/australia-s-primary-health-care-10-year-plan-2022-2032-future-focused-primary-health-care-australia-s-primary-health-care-10-year-plan-2022-2032.pdf (australia’s 10 year health care plan)

SA Health healthy public policy role and the Health in All Policies approach

WHO. (2020, December 14). Operational framework for primary health care: transforming vision into action. WHO; WHO and UNICEF. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240017832

SA Health, Health and Wellbeing Strategy 2020 – 2025,

Public Health Services, focused on promoting health and wellbeing, preventing illness and protecting communities from hazards in the environment

Healthy Living, focus on the health communities and healthy people
Wellbeing SA, focused on prevention in South Australia. Wellbeing SA has a long-term vision to create a balanced health and wellbeing system that supports improved physical, mental and social well being for all South Australians,

Fleming, M. L. (2020). Health promotion : principles and practice in the Australian context / Mary Louise Fleming & Elizabeth Parker. (Third edition.). Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. (pages 179-203) – to better understand how to promote health in communities

Health Iceberg metaphor (Causes of the Causes)

The Health Iceberg is a useful illustration or metaphor that recognises the behavioural and lifestyle factors that contribute to health. The metaphor highlights the importance of the social determinants of health, which often have the greatest impact on health status and outcomes (EuroHealthNet 2019). Social determinants influence a person’s opportunities, experiences and behaviours that contribute to health (EuroHealthNet 2019).

The Australian Charter of Healthcare Rights (ACSQHC 2020) state the ACCESS for consumers is they ‘have the right to healthcare services and treatment that meet [their] needs’.

If a nurse applies a primary health care approach and considers the characteristics of the individual or community in relation to the determinants of health and then seeks to address health inequalities and improve wellbeing of communities. This term access needs to be revisited and expanded, as access is defined ‘as the opportunity to identify healthcare needs, to seek healthcare services, to reach, to obtain or use health care services and to actually have the need for services fulfilled’ (Levesque, Harris & Russell 2013, p. 1).

‘To genuinely address the problems of healthcare access, we need to recognize all the dimensions and complexities of healthcare access. Levesque’s Conceptual Framework of Access to Health introduced in 2013 provides [a] comprehensive perspective through the five dimensions of access and the five abilities of the population to access healthcare’ (Cu et al. 2021, p.1).

Levesque, Harris and Russell (2013) framework identifies key characteristics of service delivery that contribute to access as:

approachability,
acceptability,
availability and accommodation,
affordability, and
appropriateness.
They state there are five corresponding abilities that individuals need to be able to achieve to access to health care which are:

ability to perceive,
ability to seek,
ability to reach,
ability to pay and
ability to engage (Levesque, Harris & and Russell 2013).

In creating a primary health care initiative, please reflect on the following questions below

How can nurses ensure they consider the 5 A’s in healthcare delivery and apply the 5 abilities for individuals as part of their everyday practice?
How could inter-disciplinary teamwork assist with 5 A’s in healthcare delivery, 5 abilities for individuals and the case management of clients in primary health care setting?
In planning and evaluation a primary health care initiative, how can you include the
key characteristics of service delivery?
abilities that individuals need to able to achieve to access healthcare?

Assessment Tip

A conceptual framework of access to health care by Levesque, Harris & Russell (2013) has been cited over 2,000 times, so you may find an article which discusses access on your health problem and/or target group. These questions above will assist with your ePortfolio assessments (Part 1 Developing a health problem statement and; Part 2 – planning and evaluating a Primary Health Care health initiative to address the health problem)

Recommended:
Broerse, J., Klepac Pogrmilovic, B., Brisbane, R., Sacks, G., Bolton, K., Courten, M., Harper, T., Kypri, K., Livingston, M., Bauman, A., Maple, J.-L., Batterham, P., Morgan, M., Mc Namara, K., & Calder, R. (2021, July 1). Getting Australia’s health on track: Priority actions for a healthier Australia. 2nd Ed. Mitchell Institute; Victoria University. https://www.vu.edu.au/mitchell-institute/australian-health-tracker-series/getting-australia-s-health-on-track

idcommunity. (n.d.). Community profile. Find your local community profile. .idcommunity; idcommunity. Retrieved 25 January 2023, from https://profile.id.com.au/

Can the chosen health problem please be a south australian one! I’m not fussed what one, smoking, aboriginal health probleegqms etc